tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15568016158995543762024-02-08T09:52:34.062-08:00Writing discursive essaysMichael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.comBlogger63125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-24449926041465830252020-08-25T09:49:00.001-07:002020-08-25T09:49:11.890-07:00Osmometric Thirst free essay sampleThirstâ is the hankering for fluids, coming about in the basicâ instinctâ of people or creatures toâ drink. It is a fundamental component included inâ fluid balance. It emerges from an absence of liquids or potentially an expansion in the convergence of certain osmolitesâ such asâ salt. In the event that the water volume of the body falls underneath a specific edge, or the osmolite focus turns out to be excessively high, theâ brainâ signals thirst. Continuousâ dehydrationâ can cause a heap of issues, however is regularly connected with neurological issues, for example, seizures, and renal issues. Inordinate thirst, known asâ polydipsia, alongside extreme pee, known asâ polyuria, might be a sign ofdiabetes. Thirst created by an expansion in the osmotic weight of the interstitial liquid comparative with the intracellular liquid along these lines delivering cell drying out liquid, Intracellular liquid, liquid contained inside cells. Osmometric thirst happens when the osmotic harmony between the measure of water in the cells amp; the water outside the cells becomes upset methods when the centralization of salts in the interstitial liquid is more noteworthy than that inside the cells, bringing about the development of intracellular water outside of the phone without really trying. This is the thing that happens when we eat salty pretzels. The Na is consumed into the blood plasma, which upsets the osmotic harmony between the blood plasma amp; the interstitial liquid. This coaxes water out of the interstitial liquid and into the plasma, presently upsetting the harmony between the cells and the interstitial liquid. The outcome is water leaving the cells to reestablish the parity. The disturbance in the interstitial arrangement is perceived by neurons called osmoreceptors. These osmoreceptors are situated in the district of the foremost nerve center. These osmoreceptors impart a sign that makes us drink more water, so as to reestablish the osmotic harmony between the cells and encompassing liquid. On account of pretzel eating, in the event that we don't drink more water, in the end the abundance Na is essentially discharged by the kidneys. The body must have water to discharge so as to free itself of nitrogenous squanders, so the decrease in water discharge causes liquid looking for conduct. OSMOMETRIC THIRSTà is invigorated by cell lack of hydration. It happens when the tonicity of the interstitial liquid builds, which coaxes water out of the cells (consider water looking to be adjusted), cells at that point contract in volume. The word assimilation implies development of water, through semi penetrable layer, from low solute fixation to high solute focus. There are receptors and different frameworks in the body that distinguish a diminished volume or an expanded osmolite fixation. They sign to theâ central sensory system, where focal preparing succeeds. There are a few RECEPTORS FOR OSMOMETRIC THIRST (as of now in the focal sensory system all the more explicitly in nerve center outstandingly in two circumventrivular organs that come up short on a successful cerebrum boundary the organumvasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and theâ subfornical organà (SFO). Notwithstanding, albeit situated in similar pieces of the cerebrum, these osmoreceptors that inspire thirst are particular from the neighboring osmoreceptors in the OVLT and SFO that bring out arginine vasopressinâ release to decreaseâ fluid yield. What's more, there areâ visceral osmoreceptors. These undertaking to theâ area postrema andâ nucleus tractussolitariusâ in the mind), the neurons that react to changes in the solute convergence of the interstitial liquid beginning terminating when water is drawn out of them due to hyper tonicity; probably situated in the anteroventral tip of the third ventricle (AV3V); whenever initiated, they impart signs to neurons that control pace of vasopressin emission So, the inquiry will be raised, for example, do we need pretty much vasopressin? We need more vasopressin; recollect significant levels of vasopressin cause kidneys to hold water, perspiring causes loss of water through skin, which expands tonicity of interstitial liquid, which at that point coaxes water out of the vessels and cells. We can lose water just from the cells, yet not intravascular, by eating a salty feast in which salt is retained from the stomach related tract into the blood, this makes the blood hypertonic (high centralization of salt), this brings water into the phone from the interstitial liquid, the loss of water from the interstitial liquid makesâ itâ hypertonic, presently water is drawn out of the phones, as blood plasma increments in volume, kidneys discharge more water and sodium, inevitably, overabundance sodium is discharged, alongside the water that was taken from the interstitial liquid and intercellular liquid, this outcomes in a general loss of water from the phones, nonetheless, blood plasma volume never diminished. The harm to AV3V zone can cause diabetes and absence of thirst (over the top pee, so should drive self to drink) subfornical organà (SFO) circumventricular organ whose AII receptors are where angiotensin acts to create thirst; it has not many neural contributions, as its responsibility is to detect the nearness of a hormone in the blood; it has manyâ outputsâ to different pieces of the cerebrum: à endocrineâ SFO axons undertaking to neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular cores that are answerable for creation and emission of the back pituitary hormone vasopressin à Autonomicà axons venture to cells of the paraventricular core and different pieces of the nerve center, which the send axons to mind stem cores which control the thoughtful and parasympathetic sensory system; this framework controls angiontensinââ¬â¢s impact on circulatory strain. behavioralâ axons sent toâ median preoptic core, a territory which controls drinking and discharge of vasopressin middle p reoptic nucleusâ gets data from: 1. OVLT with respect to osmoreceptors 2. SFO with respect to angiotensin. Baroreceptors by means of the core of the single tract Lateral Hypothalamus and Zona Incerta esions of the nerve center disturb osmometric and volumetric thirst, yet not feast related drinking injuries of the zona incerta upset hormonal upgrade for volumetric thirst, yet not the neural ones that begin in the atrial baroreceptors zona incerta sends axons to mind structures associated with development impacts drinking conduct Central handling Theâ area postremaâ andâ nucleus tractussolitariusâ signal, byâ 5-HT, toâ lateral parabrachial core, which thusly sign to middle preoptic core. Moreover, the zone postrema and core tractussolitarius additionally signal legitimately to subfornical organ. In this manner, the middle preoptic core and subfornical organ get signs of both diminished volume and expanded osmolite fixation. They sign to higher integrative focuses, where eventually the cognizant wanting emerges. In any case, the trueâ neuroscienceâ of this cognizant needing isn't co mpletely clear. Notwithstanding thirst, theâ organumvasculosum of the lamina terminalisâ and theâ subfornical organâ contribute toâ fluid balanceâ byâ vasopressinâ release. Studies doneâ⬠¦. Some examination and study presents a hypothetical model for osmotic (cell drying out) thirst, and assesses a few of the ramifications of the model. Ss were 11 male Sprague-Dawley rodents. The model for osmotic thirst states that when a heap comprising of n millimols of viable osmotic solute disintegrated in v ml. of water is brought into the extracellular compartment, the S will drink a volume of water, D (in ml. ), which is relative to the volume of water, Diso (in ml. ), required to weaken the hypertonic burden to isotonicity (ALPHA). Along these lines, D = k (Diso) = k-n/a-v=, where k is the consistent of proportionately speaking to the commitment of the kidney to osmotic guideline. The trial information show that under states of osmotic thirst this model precisely predicts the rodents drinking conduct. Osmoregulatory thirst related with shortfalls of intracellular liquid volume. Little increments of 1ââ¬2% in the viable osmotic weight of plasma bring about incitement of thirst in well evolved creatures. It has been appeared in both human subjects and different warm blooded animals that when the plasma osmolality (ordinarily in the scope of 280ââ¬295 mosmol/kgH2O) is expanded tentatively because of expanding the grouping of solutes, for example, NaCl or sucrose that don't promptly go across cell films, thirst is invigorated. On the other hand, expanding plasma osmolality by foundational imbuement of concentrated solutes, for example, urea orà D-glucose that all the more promptly cross nerve cell layers is moderately insufficient at animating thirst (8,12,â 18). In the previous case, a transmembrane osmotic inclination is set up and cell drying out outcomes from development of water out of cells as a natural side effect. Cell drying out doesn't happen with the pervading solutes in the last case, and it is viewed as that particular sensor cells in the cerebrum, named osmoreceptors (at first corresponding to vasopressin emission), react to cell parchedness to start neural systems that bring about the age of thirst (8,â 18). In spite of the fact that there is proof that a few osmoreceptors might be arranged in the liver, much proof has gathered that limits a significant populace of osmoreceptive neurons to the preoptic/hypothalamic area of the mind. The nerve center was embroiled in the age of thirst in the mid 1950s when Bengt Andersson had the option to invigorate water drinking in goats by electrical or concoction incitement of the nerve center. In spite of the fact that he saw that drinking was actuated by infusion of hypertonic saline into the nerve center in a district between the segments of the fornix and the mamillothalamic tract, the arrangements infused were terribly hypertonic, making it hard to arrive at a firm resolution that physiologically significant osmoreceptors for thirst existed in this area. Andersson and associates later discovered proof that Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-1675590432002150892020-08-22T04:05:00.001-07:002020-08-22T04:05:10.147-07:00Measure Power- International RelationsAnswer to Question 1 Power in universal relations is estimated first by the financial remaining of the states in question, that is, by the stateââ¬â¢s current monetary status. Immanuel Wallerstein suggested that monetary force likely could be the way to understanding force relations between nations having a place from the First and Third World; the last as wellspring of crude materials and gifted labor and the previous the maker of completed item Those nations which have an enormous military have the high likelihood of convincing different nations (which have moderately more vulnerable outfitted power) to comply with its political will. â⬠A state can be ground-breaking in three unique detects: monetary, geological, and militarily. An enormous nation may have an impressive bartering power in global relations as on account of China; a military state like the Soviet Union and a monetary force like Germany. Answer to Question 2 During old occasions, power is generally estimated by the topographical size of a state. The terms ââ¬Å"empire, realm, vassal state, and satraps (vassal kingdoms)â⬠demonstrate that saliency of state size as a factor of intensity. During the medieval times, the equivalent can be applied yet with much alteration. Those realms and duchies near the Roman See were given extraordinary favors, (for example, gifts to be delegated the following ruler or duke), consequently they become incredible. In current occasions, innovation and high financial yield (GNP) is the estimation of intensity; as reasons expressed prior (just the dominating estimation of intensity is perceived). Answer to Question 3 Both nations have enormous military, with a huge munititions stockpile of atomic weapons. The United States is a monetary force, while the Soviet Union has confronted genuine financial turndowns. US is the ââ¬Å"leaderâ⬠of NATO and USSR of the Warsaw Pact nations â⬠the previous is increasingly strong and militarily effective, and the last of free military league of nations. In any case, in world history, the two nations were regarded as superpowers for their capacity to force different countries to comply with its political motivation. References: Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1974. The Modern World System. second volume. New York Academic Press. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_power à à Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-67035565320307860992020-08-01T18:08:00.001-07:002020-08-01T18:08:04.438-07:00Sales Funnel Tips and Tricks that Double Your ROI Sales Funnel Tips and Tricks that Double Your ROI Sales is the activity of selling goods and services to customers in exchange of money. Every organization lives and breathes on this integral component and it forms the backbone of their business. Whether it be the retail industry or the online/internet industry, every firm in any industry is always keeping an eye on their sales conversion rates.They always want to know how their revenues fair in comparison to their investment in marketing and advertising. Successful businesses monitor how much they spend, how they brand their products, and how much they earn, whereas unsuccessful organizations do not analyze all of this information.Companies are looking for ways of attracting more prospective customers into buying their goods. A marketing model that is commonly employed by companies to deal with this issue is the Sales Funnel, also known as the Purchase Funnel or Marketing Funnel.A sales funnel is a marketing model that depicts the journey consumers go through, from being unaware of your brand to actually purchasing your product. It is a very essential model that determines how successful your conversion rates are. Being able to convert more leads into actual customers is essential in boosting your sales and making your business more profitable.A sales funnel is a visual representation of the steps required to sell your product or service. As its name suggests, it resembles a funnel, with a wide and large pool of leads at the very top and a narrow and smaller group of customers buying your product. © Shutterstock.com | Red DeerIn this article, we will describe the sales funnel and how you can make use of it to boost your sales conversion rates. We will provide you some tips and tricks to double your return on investment (ROI) successfully attracting more customers and getting them to buy your products and services.WHAT IS A SALES FUNNEL?Over 100 years ago, Elias St. Elmo Lewis created a model that demonstrated the transition from consumers being attracted by a brand to consumers actually purchasing products from that same brand.This model is called the sales funnel and it was based on the AIDA model, AIDA being an acronym of Awareness, Interest, Decision, and Action.While this is a well established and trusted model, it is an outdated historical model and does not necessarily adhere to modern concepts. So many things have changed when it comes to business practices and customer interactions and expectations. Every sales process can be segmented based on a Sales Funnel that sui ts any particular business.You will need to analyze and assess your own organization to completely understand the steps customers need to take in order to eventually purchase your product. Letâs have a look at each of the most important parts of the sales funnel.Awareness â" The first and most important step in the sales funnel is to make potential consumers aware of your brand and product. There are various ways of going about this and fortunately, in the 21st century businesses are not limited to traditional marketing. They can use online/digital marketing tactics, too. Besides placing advertising in newspapers and magazines and using TV commercials, companies now also use social media marketing (SMM), search engine advertising (SEA), and email marketing. There are plenty of avenues to explore when building awareness in potential consumers. Depending on the product or service you are promoting, you will need to select which route to go. Pursuing all of them simultaneously may n ot be the wisest choice and could lead to high expenses. Know your product and target audience, and place ads accordingly.Interest â" After your customers have become aware of your product, they need more convincing to get them into buying your product. They are only aware of your product, but are still not convinced that it is the best thing on the market and that they need it. After telling them what it is, you need to tell them why they need it. This is where quality content plays a crucial role. Very good advertisement consists of high quality content that hooks customers into buying something. Your job as a company is to educate your leads in order to convert them into prospective buyers. You must create desire within your target demographic.Evaluation â" Before arriving at a final decision, all customers will scope out the playing field and have a look at your competitorsâ offers. Since consumers are about to spend money on a product, they need time to assess their option s. They will weigh their options, compare and contrast, and then arrive at a decision. Having reviews of your product available to read online will significantly turn the tides in your favor, especially video reviews. Testimonials are a proven method of reeling in your customers, since people trust others who have reviewed the product.Decision â" In this stage of the sales funnel, prospects are almost ready to make their decision to purchase your product and are prepared to become your customers. Usually this stage of the sales process gets prolonged because of hesitancy and uncertainty on the part of customers. In some situations, you as the salesperson of your business can slightly improve the offer without being too overbearing on your customers. Sometimes, these last minute activities make the difference between a sealed deal and a broken one.Action â" This is the final stage of the sales funnel, where your customers have made their purchase and you will deliver your product to your customers. When the entire sell is successful, you will receive your payment. Many falsely assume that it ends here, when that is actually far from the truth. Businesses should strive to have loyal customers. Following up on their queries and complaints shows them that you are genuinely concerned with their satisfaction. When you are able to satisfy customers, then they will spread the word of your brand, creating a positive brand image on your behalf. Loyal consumers tend to be repeat consumers, so you have successfully generated a customer base.These are the most common stages of any sales funnel in almost all industries. Depending on your specific industry, you may need to include extra stages due to the nature of your business.We will not go into specific detail on those other stages, as they vary greatly from company to company. When you are able to identify which business model works perfectly for you, then you are able to convert more leads into prospects and eventua lly customers.Look at how the sales pipeline works. TIPS AND TRICKS TO DOUBLE YOUR ROIWhen constructing a sales funnel that suits your business model, you must always keep in mind how effective it is. This can be determined by your return on investment (ROI). The ROI defines the effectiveness of investment, comparing profits to the capital investment. A high ROI means that favorable gains were earned from an investment, whereas a low ROI implies that a loss was incurred on investments. All businesses strive to achieve very high ROI, spending as little money as investment and reaping a large profit from it.That is easier said than done, but there are ways to accomplish that. Letâs look at the sales funnel in a manner that considers the consumers, the main target of any business, before moving on to how that relates to improving the ROI.Alternative View on the Sales FunnelYour sales funnel has a top, middle, and bottom section. The top section is where you have leads who need to be made aware of your product and brand. Leads typically have no idea of your product but with the help of advertising, they become familiar with your product. The middle section is the biggest chunk and it is concerned with sparking interest in these leads to make them prospects, consumers who are genuinely interested in purchasing your product. This is w here your company needs to take appropriate measures in convincing potential customers into buying your products. The last portion of the funnel is the narrow bit where actual customers have purchased your goods.Based on this, the very top of the funnel consists of leads and you have to cast a very wide net to catch as many leads as possible to widen your sales funnel. A percentage of these leads will become your prospects, people who are interested in your product and are qualified to make a purchase.When you look at it statistically, the more leads you are able to bring into your funnel, the more prospects you could potentially have. When you have more prospects, then you can convert them to more customers. And this is the bottom line of your business â" the customers, the ones who are buying your product. In order to improve your ROI, you need to improve your conversion rates down the funnel.Understanding Conversion RatesFar too many make the mistake of falsely associating more customers to a higher ROI, but that is not necessarily true.Imagine a situation where your website attracts 1000 visitors per month. Those 1000 visitors are your leads, just dropping by the site but not doing much beyond that. If your website has a landing page and registration form, perhaps 100 people completed it. This means that 10% of your leads has now become your prospects, because they are genuinely interested. From those 100 leads, maybe 10 people have actually bought something from your site. This means that 10% of prospects are actual customers. When taking a top-down approach to the entire thing, 100 leads turned into 10 customers, resulting in an overall conversion rate of 1%.Many may decide to spend more money on ad campaigns and generate more leads. For instance, if you happen to double your number of leads, prospects, and customers, then you will have 20 customers instead of 10. While that is definitely an improvement, your conversion rate remains at 1%. To acquire mo re customers, you had to invest more money and although you have more customers, thereby increasing your sales, you still have the same conversion rate. ROI is linked with conversion rates and as long as there is no improvement in the conversion rate, then your ROI will not improve.There are techniques and methods to improve your ROI by investing less money on attracting a large number of leads and investing more money on converting these leads to prospects and eventually customers. Letâs see how we can do that efficiently with some tips and tricks.Learn more on conversion rate optimization in the following video. Spend Less Money on Traditional MarketingBefore the age of the internet, products and services were marketed traditionally. Advertisements were placed in newspapers and magazines, banners and billboards were posted around cities, and TV commercials were created.Ad campaigns in the past were quite expensive and it came with a huge risk, because it was very difficult to gu arantee that those efforts would results in a large number of conversions. With the advent of the internet came new marketing tactics, too, to acquire leads online.Digital marketing, or online marketing, is a set of tools to advertise or market products and services online. Search engine optimization (SEO), search engine advertising (SEA), social media marketing (SMM), and email marketing are modern methods of promoting your brand at a very low cost.Unlike traditional marketing schemes, these online methods are relatively cheap and have been proven to draw a large number of customers. Many people now use the internet 24/7, so if you can reach out to everyone around the world through this one medium, then you have cast a wide net with very little effort on your part.As you shift your efforts from and dedicate more time on digital marketing, you are effectively spending less money on customer acquisition. Being able to generate more leads while not spending money is every companyâs dream, and you can make that possible. Creating awareness, however, is only the first step. Now you have to find ingenious ways to get people to retain their interest and desire in your product and brand.Always Keep Customers InterestedThe top of the funnel is important, but nowhere near as important as the middle of the funnel, where you job as a company is to entice leads into becoming prospects by feeding them more information and appeasing them. Here are some methods of keeping your prospects hooked on your product.Content Reigns SupremeGoogle has become a ubiquitous part of our lives. We cannot live without the worldâs most popular search engine. Whenever we want to have questions answered or want to find out some information, we search for it on Google. It has even become a verb in our vernacular!Good quality content optimized for search engines like Google will always appear at the top of the search list, and that is what you should strive for. This is where search engine o ptimization (SEO) plays a vital role in assuring that your website frequently appears high on the search list. Using language that your audience easily understands and is relevant to your product will hook your prospects.Know your target audience and understand your products and services extremely well so that you can create content around it and cater to your demographic. Provide as much relevant information as you can on your website, because the last thing you want is for your prospects to look elsewhere for more information and then they happen to stumble upon a competitorâs product.Odds are that your competitor has something on their site that is stealing your prospects. You need to ensure that your prospects stay on your site. An effective and very successful method of keeping them interested is to create a landing page that directs them close to your products.Click Through Landing PagesOne of the most popular types of landing pages is called a click through landing page. Th e goal of this landing page is to convince a website visitor into clicking through to go to another page. In most cases, it describes a particular sweet deal or special offer on an existing product that entices a visitor into buying it.All successful ecommerce websites use this particular type of landing page, since people are looking to buy something when they come to your site and a special offer will only appeal to them. A landing page displays enough information that gets your lead closer to becoming a prospect and eventually a customer.Click through pages result in an improved conversion rate because you are creating interest within your prospect. You are guiding them to the part of your website where they can actually make a purchase on a product you are promoting.You might think that eliminating choices from a landing page (since it is not as detailed as a website) is a bad thing but in fact, the manner in which you write your landing page will make it more persuasive instead of forced.Lead Capture Landing PagesAnother type of popular landing page is called a lead capture landing page. These landing pages are used to capture user data, like their name and email address. The goal was to collect email addresses of visitors and use email marketing to continually advertise products to these users.After filling out a form and giving specific information, a company can personally advertise to specific visitors to remind them of special offers and deals and keep people interested.Apart from promoting products and services to your prospects via email, other purposes of lead capture landing page include promoting ebooks, webinars, coupons, contests, and notifications of future products. Lead capture pages ensure that your leads do not lose interest. Email marketing is a very powerful tool of digital marketing and you should definitely take advantage of it by using lead capture landing pages.A combination of the two types of landing pages in addition to optimized content for your customers will result in an improved conversion rate, since you piqued the interest of your leads. There is now a higher probability that they will decide to buy your product.[slideshare id=45196536doc=kissmetricsleadgenlps-oligardner-150226160051-conversion-gate01w=710h=400]Advertise and Market on Social Media NetworksWhen people think of social networks, many immediately think of Facebook, the platform made for interacting with friends and connecting with new ones.However, Facebook is also a powerful platform for businesses to display their corporate information and frequently make posts about their products. In addition to having a Facebook page, we suggest every company to have accounts in Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn, Instagram, and Snapchat.Here are some tips on using some social media platforms to reach out to more leads and get their interest in your goods.Your Facebook page needs to frequently post about special deals and offers your company is making. Every body who follows the page will be informed of these deals and this will entice them into buying your products. Constantly notifying your Facebook page followers will keep them interested and you have a higher chance to boost conversions. Facebook is the most popular social network for advertising products for corporations all over the globe.Twitter is another popular social platform that companies use to broadcast their deals. Using hashtags will boost the popularity of your posts and draw more customers into seeing your posts.Another platform that frequently uses hashtags is Instagram. Being just as big as Facebook and Twitter, Instagram is a great platform for advertising your product. Put appropriate hashtags to get more people to look at your product.Lastly, we would urge everybody to use Google+ and post deals and offers on your products. Although it may not be as popular as the other aforementioned platforms, its popularity is on the rise, with many users adopting this network . Be one of the first companies to take advantage of this empty playing field and start advertising and posting offers on Google+.Having all of these accounts up and running at all times will ensure that you always remind people of your products. In the 21st century, there are too many things going on at any given instance, so constantly reminding people of what you offer will grab their attention. This is a proven method of boosting conversion rates and increasing your ROI.Moreover, it would be wise to place ads on these platforms. Having accounts and pages in these networks is great for posting content on a regular basis.However, also having paid advertising on these platforms will ignite interest in those who do not necessarily follow your company. This may fall under the awareness aspect of the sales funnel, but it can also be categorized in the interest part, too.Sometimes posts about your company may not appear in the feed on the homepage of these social networks, so you need advertising as a backup plan to pop up.Customers Come FirstEven if your customers are aware of who you are and what you are selling after seeing a ton of ads online, they still do not know if they can trust you. This is actually the most important question customers ask themselves before deciding to buy something â" âCan I trust this company?âTypical questions that you should ask yourself as a business are, âAm I reliable? Do I offer quality products at a good price? Is there a warranty or guarantee on my products? What sets me apart from my competitors?âIf you cannot answer these questions positively with any sort of justification, then you need to start working on that right now. That is how you can improve conversion rates, thereby increasing your ROI.Emphasize Key Points to CustomersEarlier in this article, we talked about email marketing and how it is a very important tool in convincing people to buy product from you. You need to email all prospects who gave you their contact information via lead capture landing pages and reassure them that they can indeed trust you.You need to send periodical emails to all prospects, stating that your products are unlike anything else on the market and that you are offering them at the most competitive price. Even though the world economy is improving, it is still struggling to get back completely on its feet, so people are still very price conscious.Highlighting that your prices are very low by offering sales and discounts will tell you customers that you are providing economic incentives. This is a necessary ingredient in acquiring customers, by setting the best prices. This is an effective method of converting more leads.In addition to price, people are very concerned about the quality of service they will receive. Customers need to receive good support; otherwise, they will not be inclined in buying your products. Your ads need to clearly state that you offer warranties on your goods. In case of any defectiv e or broken goods, customers should be able to return their goods and receive a brand new one. This reassures them that they are making a smart investment and that the company (i.e. you) cares about them. This is another very effective method of converting leads.Make sure to have a customer support team set up at your organization to answer queries from customers, helping customers solve the problems they may face using your product. A 24/7 tech support team will be able to answer all calls and emails promptly to deliver excellent customer support. Make sure to emphasize this piece of information in your ads and emails.When customers see that your company is ready to answer all of their questions and help them at any time of the day or night, this gives them a strong reason to buy products from you. The keyword here is promptly â" not the day after or several hours later. You should answer everything within an hour! Studies have shown that companies with amazing customer support ar e the ones with the highest customer conversion rate and experience the best ROI.When you take all of these steps to provide excellent customer satisfaction with a 24/7 tech support team, warranties on all products, and the best prices on the market, then you have a very high chance of converting more prospects into customers. Providing all of these perks and services will only sweeten the deal for them and they have no choice but to take it. Think of these added bonuses as bait and they will get you more customers, you can count on that. More conversions, more ROI.Here is why great customer service is so important for improving your ROI. Retain CustomersA big mistake that some organizations make is that after customers buy their products from them, they think that the deal has been sealed and there is nothing left to do. That could not be any further from the truth.Your job as a company is to secure more leads, convert more leads into prospects and in turn customers, and hold on to the customers you do have. The last step is just as important, maybe even more important, than the first two. You need to keep these customers for the long run because they trust you and you need to value their trust in you.The moment you fail to live up to their expectations, they will abandon you and you just lost a customer. Retaining customers is a key component of boosting your ROI and there are some proven methods in ensuring that.Deliver on Quality and ServiceThe reasons for customers returning to you to purchase new products is that they liked the first product they originally purchased and they liked the customer service they received afterward. When you take the effort of being with your customers even after a purchase, then your customers will be in there for the long haul. Your brand image plays a vital role holding on to customers, so do everything you can to create a positive and friendly brand image that customers believe in.For instance, company A manufacturers comp uters. They happen to be very good in terms of specifications. However, whenever there is a problem, the tech support is nowhere to be found. People will most likely not buy computers from them. A competing firm, company B, also manufactures computers that are inferior and poor in terms of hardware. However, they have a round-the-clock customer service team ready to help all customers at any time. Still, customers are likely not to buy computers from them. Now consider company C, a manufacturer that produces high quality computers and has a support team that helps customers promptly. Customers will instantly gravitate toward company C because they deliver what customers want â" quality and service. That is how you retain customers and keep them coming back to buy more goods from you.When customers are happy, they will always come back for more. In addition, they will market your brand and products for you. Word of mouth is an underappreciated yet powerful marketing tool in the indu stry. Whenever you satisfy any customer, studies show that they will inform their friends and convince them to buy products from you. Consequently, you have successfully raised your ROI, all because you made customers happy in the first place.CONCLUSIONWhenever you are trying to sell your product or service to consumers, you must first analyze your own business model and design a sales funnel depicting how your customers go from being aware of your product to actually buying it. Do not fall in the trap of only attracting a large number of leads to boost the number of actual paying customers. While absolute numbers are important, they do not paint the whole picture; you need comparison data, too. In this case, the conversion rates and the ROI are a better indication of your marketing success and effectiveness.Following the steps that were mentioned in this article will significantly boost your ROI, doubling it or perhaps even tripling it if done correctly. By converting more leads in to prospects and in turn customers, you are gaining more from your initial capital investment. Always fine-tune your tactics to improve conversion rates. Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-56104656626322319172020-05-22T23:12:00.001-07:002020-05-22T23:12:03.126-07:00Personal Relationships In The Disappearing Girl - 1359 Words Addiction develops as an emotional crutch, impacting character development. This addiction could potentially be a result of three main factors: setting and age, key personal relationships and key tragic events. Each of these elements have a level of responsibility in the development and overcoming of the addiction for Kayla in The disappearing Girl and Rachel in The Girl on the Train. However some of the elements have more of a responsibility than the others. Kayla in The Disappearing Girl is a female adolescent living in the United States of America in the twenty first century. Much like The Disappearing girl, The Girl on the Train is also set in the twenty first century. However it is set in London and the main character, Rachel, is inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦2015. p8). Subsequently Rachel uses alcohol to feel in control. She is unemployed and was left by her husband, Tom. She does not feel in control of her employment or relationships but feels that she can control how much she alcohol she consumes. Substance abuse is also used as an emotional crutch. In The Disappearing Girl, bulimia nervosa is used to relieve her of the emotions of mourning the death of her father and to comfort her from the constant criticisms of her mother, ââ¬Å"the emotional release I felt brought an overpowering sense of reliefâ⬠(Wood. 2015. p8). Much like Kayla, Rachel uses alcohol to help feel better about herself and to help her forget her pain, ââ¬Å"Some days I feel so bad that I have to drink; some days I feel so bad I canââ¬â¢t.â⬠(Hawkins. 2015. P31). Addictions develop as an emotional crutch often after one experiences a traumatic or tragic event. this seems to be the case when looking at both novels. In The Disappearing Girl, Kayla suffers the death of her father. The two had a very close bond therefore this tragedy took a deep emotional toll on Kayla. The death of her father left her at the mercy of her cruel mother and her own self-hatred ââ¬Å"I never realised how much of a buffer he was until he was goneâ⬠(Wood. 2015. P6). After his death she became more weight conscious and her self-esteem worsened. Due to this she developed anorexia nervosa and then bulimia nervosa to cope with the loss of her father. Similarly to Kayla, Rachel also suffers the deathShow MoreRelatedThe Middle Child Named Edward Jimenez948 Words à |à 4 PagesMr. and Mrs. Jimenez have three kids, two boys and one girl. Oldest one named Edwin Jimenez, Youngest one named Emely Jimenez. There goes me the middle child named Edward Jimenez. My brother and sister were born here in America where my parents had to travel all the way from Dominican Republic. I consider myself being more Dominican than American due to the fact my whole family speaks Spanish and share many things about our culture. When my parents came here to America, my father couldnââ¬â¢t go to schoolRead More Innocence In The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger Essay examples1412 Words à |à 6 Pageswould have to die before growing up. Despite his death, Holden continues to think about Allie and does not ââ¬Å"enjoy seeing him in that crazy cemeteryâ⬠¦surrounded by dead guys and tombstonesâ⬠(Salinger 155). Allie is someone that Holden formed a personal relationship with, and because of his death, Holden experiences a change in his perception of society and life. This change leads to Holdenââ¬â¢s desire to keep those around him constant and everlasting to prevent another individual he is close with to dieRead MoreEssay on Theodore Bundy1163 Words à |à 5 PagesTheodore Bundy One of the most famous killers of all time, Theodore Bundy vented his rage on women, mostly college girls, all the while maintaining the facade of a perfectly normal, intelligent, model citizen. His traveling ways, clever tactics, and thorough body disposal methods make it difficult to even say how many women Bundy killed during his reign, but he was definitely one of the most prolific and frightening serial killers of all time. Bundys rampage mostRead MoreEssay One With the Animals: Symbolism of the Animals in The Wars 1139 Words à |à 5 PagesAnimals come to represent, both purity and the relationship human beings have with the world. Animals play a key role in Timothy Findleyââ¬â¢s novel, The Wars, whether its for the interference, necessity, affection or compassion towards the characters. In The Wars, several characters share this close bond with the animals, that serve to emphasize the different qualities of each characterââ¬â¢s personality. The animals connect with the main character, Robert Ross, in ways that reflect his uncommon characterRead MoreFeminist Views and Author Connections in The Bean Trees1552 Words à |à 6 PagesFeminist Views and Author Connections in The Bean Trees Barbara Kingsolver, author of The Bean Trees, emphasizes her societal views throughout the novel and tells the story in the first person narrative of Taylor Greer, a practical but spirited girl trying to escape her simple and somewhat boring life to a more exciting one. Taylorââ¬â¢s character reflects Kingsolver in the way that they both focus on creating a more just society in which women are treated as equals and have the same rights as men.Read MoreHow Effectively Does the Opening Chapter of Pride and Prejudice Introduce the Reader to the Central Characters and Concerns of the Novel?1283 Words à |à 6 Pagesintroduced to Mr Bennet and Mrs Bennet. Through these characters, the reader learns about Mrs Bennets biggest concern; to marry off all her daughters. The themes of the novel are mostly related to the title, ÃâPride and Prejudice, there is an element of personal pride amongst the characters and also prejudice, particularly with Darcy and Elizabeth. The first chapter bri ngs in the reader into the world of social class importance, marriage and womens role in the 19th century, which is satirized by AustenRead MoreEssay about Jostein Gaardners Sophies World1694 Words à |à 7 PagesA novel that focuses throughout the history of philosophy, Sophieââ¬â¢s World by Jostein Gaardner, goes through over two-thousand years of philosophical history with a young girl names Sophie. A story with a twist, Gaardner is able to study the history of philosophy, focusing deeply even towards its outreach to the development of psychology. This novel is one designed to please children and adults alike to learn more and discover deeper meaning into philosophical thought. The story begins by focusingRead MoreThe Traumitized Life of Holden1747 Words à |à 7 Pagesmisery and agony from the past. From a psychoanalytical perspective, readers can understand Holdenââ¬â¢s behavior throughout the novel as a troubled teenager trying to avoid growing up and demonstrates reck less actions like consuming alcohol, immature relationships with women, not committing to school and silly fantasy thoughts to cope with his life. Holdenââ¬â¢s childish actions demonstrate he cannot face the responsibilities of life. The novel is written in first person point of view to allow readers to observeRead MoreEssay about Full House: How It Represents the Late 80s/Early 90s4461 Words à |à 18 PagesTraditional Themes of Morality, Late Eighties Mentality The transition from the multicultural era of the eighties to the postnetwork era of the nineties triggered abrupt changes in American media and culture. [6] From fashions to family life, relationships, and attitudes, many new cultural elements subsequently changed television portrayals of ordinary American culture within this time period. More specifically, the culture of the eighties is often characterized by the rise of MTV and megastars,Read MoreThe Importance Of Personal Identity In Giovannis Room1853 Words à |à 8 Pagesthrough a private voyage that includes more than just drive from one point to an alternative point, it must also lead to a variation within and an acceptance of who one really is. In Giovannis Room, the main character David travels a journey pursuing personal growth and acceptance to who he really knows he is. A white, homosexual man, David finds himself stuck in a certain personality one that is straight, masculine and white. An American ideal which he knows d oes not define who he really is. David devotes Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-49115458207935422552020-05-10T19:41:00.001-07:002020-05-10T19:41:02.985-07:00Country Road - 1239 Words Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2412467/ Country Road Limited (CTY) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review Description: Summary Country Road Limited (Country Road) is a retailer of apparel, homewares and related accessories. The company operates as a subsidiary of Woolworths Holdings Limited. Country Road designs, wholesales, and licenses apparel products. Its products include apparels for men, women and children, gift cards, gift wraps, and tailoring services. The company sells its products primarily through retail stores, department and specialty stores. It operates an online site, 60 retail stores and 80 concession outlets under the Country Road and Trenery brands. The company hasâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦- Key elements such as SWOT analysis, corporate strategy and financial ratios and charts are incorporated in the profile to assist your academic or business research needs. Contents: List of Tables List of Figures Section 1 - About the Company Country Road Limited - Key Facts Country Road Limited - Key Employees Country Road Limited - Major Products and Services Country Road Limited - History Country Road Limited - Company Statement Country Road Limited - Locations And Subsidiaries Head Office Other Locations Subsidiaries Section 2 ââ¬â Company Analysis Country Road Limited - Business Description Country Road Limited - SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis - Overview Country Road Limited - Strengths Strength - Strong Liquidity Position Strength - Recognized Brand Portfolio Strength - Synergy with Parent Country Road Limited - Weaknesses Weakness - Limited Operating Margin Country Road Limited - Opportunities Opportunity - Rising Demand for Private Label Goods Opportunity - Growing E-Retail Industry Opportunity - Positive Outlook of Australian Economy Opportunity - Strategic Acquisition Country Road Limited - Threats Threat - Highly Competitive Environment Threat - Ris ing Labor Wages Threat - Dynamic nature of Fashion Industry Threat - Reduced Consumer Spending Country Road Limited - Key Competitors Section 3 ââ¬â Company Financial Ratios Financial Ratios - Capital Market Ratios Financial Ratios - Annual Ratios Performance Chart Financial PerformanceShow MoreRelatedCountry Road Limited6314 Words à |à 26 Pages| 2010 | | | | | Country Road Limited | Business analysis and valuation | * Table of Contents Executive summary 3 1. The Retail Industry amp; its Prospects 4 1.1 Current amp; Future Overview 4 2 Corporate strategy 4 3 Earnings Manipulation Assessment amp; Findings 5 4 The Facts: Financial Ratio Analysis 6 5 Profitability and Operating management of CR 6 5.1 Dupont System Analysis 6 5.2 CRââ¬â¢s operating management 8 6 Investment management 8 6.1 WorkingRead MoreCountry Road Analysis2910 Words à |à 12 PagesINTRODUCTION Country road has always been one of Australia leading premium stockists of apparel and home wares. Country Road began as a small manufacturer but expanded and diversified to become a leading wholesaler/retailer of apparel and home wares in the Australian market. The great success of this fueled the company into an expansionary strategy into the lucrative yet highly competitive US markets and also further along the way into the Asian markets. The strategy of international expansion intoRead MoreCountry Road Essay example1130 Words à |à 5 PagesCountry Road has been an iconic Australian brand for 36 years, building its success on its high quality and unique designs that look effortlessly casual yet stylish. Following the high financial performances of their Australian stores, Country Road decided to embark into the United States of America (US) in 1989, in hope of realising the financial gains they saw here. Unfortunately, their strategies didnââ¬â¢t work, and they found obstacle s which hindered their success in the US. This essay examinesRead MoreCountry Road Essay examples4514 Words à |à 19 PagesExecutive summary This assignment is generally based on understanding and sighting the performance of the Country road. This report mainly concern with exploring and reinforcing the principles of financial and management accounting from a user perspective. It helps to emphasis on business reporting for decision making in a systematic, integrated and cohesive approach. The objective of this report is to provide end-user with a guide to sources of financial statementà data to highlight and define theRead MoreGlobal Marketing Environment and Country Road2827 Words à |à 12 Pages1.01. Introduction: In this report I will analyse Country Road Clothing Company (CR) and the CR customer. Specifically, I will be analysing the marketing environment and Country Roadââ¬â¢s approach to this environment and how CR market to their customers. I will look it why the marketing in Australia is so successful but how this same success was not translated in overseas markets. I will also discuss the different macro and micro environmental influences to this failure in the U.S. markets and makeRead MoreThe Road Networks Across China Essay1027 Words à |à 5 PagesThe map below shows an overview of the road networks across china. It is clearly understandable from the graph that eastern part of China is mostly covered through a huge networks and channels of roads and highways. Contrarily, the western parts of China are still to be developed though roads and highway networks. The differences are based on the fact that the eastern parts being close to the sea act as the main hub for transportation of tradable goods as most of the transportation is carried outRead MoreThe Gossip Of The Cyclers1454 Words à |à 6 Pagesarticles covered everything from cycling club politics to trends in cycling. One of the more important things written about was the Good Roads Movement. The Good Roads Movement was a movement started by cyclists in the 1880ââ¬â¢s that rallied for, and eventually helped create the roads that are used today, or at least the structure of some of the roads. The Good Roads Movement had a variety of people involved, but a large organization involved was the League of American Wheelmen. INFORMATION ABOUT LEAGUERead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The Civil War959 Words à |à 4 Pagessystem growth. Roads and canals will shorten distances, effortless way to get somewhere, and facilitate commercial and personal communication. The first roads in America were developed by early settlers. ââ¬Å"The National Road was the first highway built entirely with federal funds. The road was authorized by Congress in 1806 during the Jefferson Administrationâ⬠(ââ¬Å"The National Roadâ⬠par. 1). The first 10 miles of roads were built. Wagons were slow and very difficult to use on dirt roads because of theRead MoreThe Construction Of The Alaskan Highway1136 Words à |à 5 Pagesdifficult than originally anticipated. In March 1942, the first blades dug into the ground. This was a very daunting task; a task that only the US Army Corps of Engineers could handle. Through some of the toughest and most desolate wilderness this country has to offer. Through freezing temperatures to swamp like conditions the Engineers prevailed, The Alaskan Highway was built. It was not without its man y difficulties, additional missions added to the already daunting task, trial and error situationsRead MoreUse Of Screed Plate Of Paver Machine From Sticky Asphalt At Gujarat Power Engineering Research Institute1693 Words à |à 7 Pageswe express my indebtedness to the ââ¬Å"ALMIGHTYâ⬠for all His blessing and kindness. LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Fig. Name Page No. 1 Indian road making rate 12 2 Companyââ¬â¢s logo 15 3 Paver machine 18 4 Working of paver machine 21 5 Working of paver machine 22 6 Use of paver machine 24 7 Asphalt making plant 29 8 Use of asphalt plant 33 9 Problems in company 34 10 Problem definition 38 11 Made Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-55902646322844390962020-05-06T10:57:00.001-07:002020-05-06T10:57:29.773-07:00Which is the more reliable source for investigating peopleââ¬â¢s attitudes in 1910 towards the campaign Free Essays Source D is a newspaper report about a demonstration by women in London in 1910; we can infer these women were Suffragettes as it was around the time of the peak in Suffrage activity and the obscenities mentioned are more closely related to those of the Suffragettes than any other group. However the author of the article, mistakenly, refers to them throughout the report as Suffragists. This shows the writerââ¬â¢s lack of knowledge on the matter, and their ignorance to the issue leads us to believe they donââ¬â¢t even know the full story. We will write a custom essay sample on Which is the more reliable source for investigating peopleââ¬â¢s attitudes in 1910 towards the campaign? or any similar topic only for you Order Now We can also infer from this that the author was anti all women suffrage, and all groups of women who wanted the vote; Suffragettes and Suffragists. It is very likely that the author of the newspaper article in Source D was a man. We can deduce this, as around the time it was written, we know men were considered more important and therefore it is unlikely there would have been many female reporters. We can also deduce this because, although there were some women who were anti-suffrage, the majority were indeed men. Knowing this about the author would lead us to believe the article is biased against women and would therefore present them in the most negative light. The article has a rather gossipy tone to it, and although some strong facts are put across (the Suffragettes did storm the House of Commons, arrests were made, the women were led by Mrs Pankhurst and they did come from the Council of War at Caxton Hall), most of it is opinion, for instance, ââ¬Å"It was a picture of shameful recklessnessâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ , is a point of view, not a fact. However this is helpful in giving us an insight into the opinions of the public too, around this time. The article was written for the Daily Sketch, a tabloid; the author would have been writing to sell papers, he would therefore be writing things that would appeal to the public and please them. We can therefore infer from the source that the public views were also anti-suffrage. Source E is a postcard issued by the Suffragettes in 1910. It is obviously a piece of propaganda as it was made by the Suffragettes and is an argument in favour of votes for women. The point it is arguing and is also proving is that, you can be a decent woman (a doctor, a nurse or a mother) and not receive the vote, but an indecent man (a lunatic, a drunkard) can receive it. Both Sources are very reliable and they are both useful in showing the reader vastly different attitudes about the campaign to gain women the vote. Source E is very good at showing us the positive side to the argument. It is very reliable in showing what Suffragettes attitudes were, however, it is purely opinionated, and being a piece of propaganda it gives us no insight into the publicââ¬â¢s view of the matter. That is why Source D is more reliable, more people supported Source Dââ¬â¢s point of view. It is extremely useful in showing attitudes towards womenââ¬â¢s suffrage and, taking into consideration that the newspaperââ¬â¢s main aim is to report on current affairs, the story must be more dependable and factual. Being a popular tabloid also gives us a deeper insight to the views of the public, as the writerââ¬â¢s opinions would mirror those of the public-therefore, as the writerââ¬â¢s views were negative, it means the publicââ¬â¢s were too. In conclusion, Source D is more reliable for investigating peopleââ¬â¢s attitudes in 1910 towards the Suffrage campaign. How to cite Which is the more reliable source for investigating peopleââ¬â¢s attitudes in 1910 towards the campaign?, Papers Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-79995740583212427732020-04-30T00:27:00.001-07:002020-04-30T00:27:03.173-07:00Unity and Identity in the Colonies free essay sample Many such as Benjamin Franklin urged colonial alliance. During the wars first year, Franklin published his famous Join or Die cartoon in Philadelphia, which strongly urged unity amongst the colonies. Due to poor battle tactics, Britain suffered early losses. The losses deteriorated the image of the British as an invincible force in the eyes of the colonists. It showed an underlying layer of weakness, which distanced the colonists from their mother country, Britain.While the actual war served as a tally for the unification of the colonies, the results of the war also had large effects on their identity as a new nation. The victory increased colonial self-esteem, and helped the colonists to perceive themselves as independent people who could defend themselves. Like the French and Indian War, The Proclamation of 1763 was a cardinal event In the development of the colonists sense of identity and unity. The Proclamation declared that settling west of the Appalachians was illegal to colonists. We will write a custom essay sample on Unity and Identity in the Colonies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The land was declared off limits because it was Indian land, and the King did not want to cause any more dispute between Britain and the Indians. The colonists found this law to be unacceptable. Colonies had already begun planning on settling west, and found that giving land to the Indians was defeating the purpose of the French and Indian War which they had just fought In. Colonies had come to realize their Independence and self-sufficiency. They rebelled against the law, and proceeded In settling westward.Thomas Pains Common Sense is arguably one of the greatest influences on the unity and identity of the colonists. Thomas Pains pamphlet brought the possibility of Revolution Into full focus for the colonists. The writings placed blame for the suffering of the colonies solely on King George Ill, the current British ruler. Paine beseeches the Idea of an Immediate declaration of Independence, Implying that America had a moral obligation to secede from the corrupt nation. Common Sense rather inspired colonists to initiate secession from Britain, and lead to the writing of the Declaration of Independence. Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-67099159305372570472020-03-20T23:15:00.001-07:002020-03-20T23:15:02.894-07:00A Well-Thought Framework, Amendments, and Judicial Review Have Helped the Constitution of the United States of America Stand the Test of Time- essay that got 2nd place for a scholarship!A Well-Thought Framework, Amendments, and Judicial Review Have Helped the Constitution of the United States of America Stand the Test of Time- essay that got 2nd place for a scholarship! Framework of the ConstitutionThe Constitution of the United States of America has stood the test of time. The Founding Fathers' forethought as they deliberated and worded the Constitution, amendments by Congress, and judicial review by Supreme Courts over the years have helped the Constitution endure. Although the "fount of all authority,"1 it has also proven to be flexible, capable of meeting the different interests of generations of Americans.In 1787, the Constitution's authors philosophically pondered what constitutes good government. Many delegates believed the document which emerged from the Constitutional Convention had established sufficient 'checks and balances' - governmental power divided between the federal government and the States, and the powers assigned to the federal government divided among the Legislative, Executive and Judicial Branches. Federalists debated the merits of a strong federal government, but anti-Federalists claimed a too powerful central government wou ld usurp state sovereignty. In 1791 in response to anti-Federalists' fears, ten amendments (the Bill of Rights) were added to limit the Federal government's power, and to protect individual citizens' liberties such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, the right to trial by jury with counsel, private property and the privacy of their homes.English: 15th Amendment of the United States Const..."By liberty, was meant protection against the tyranny of the political rulers."2Amending the Constitution to meet the needs and demands of "the people" helped the Constitution endure. After the Civil War, three amendments were added. The Thirteenth Amendment, in 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude; in 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified with the purpose of protecting any person within a state's jurisdiction from being deprived "of life, liberty, or property without due process of law," [or denied] "the equal protection of the laws."3 The Fifteenth Amendment, in 1870, p rohibited federal and state governments from abridging a citizen's right to vote "on account... Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-47627067865938218052020-03-04T15:01:00.001-08:002020-03-04T15:01:03.227-08:00Writing Tips Percent, Per Cent and Percentages - Get Proofed!Writing Tips Percent, Per Cent and Percentages - Get Proofed! Percent, Per Cent and Percentages Weââ¬â¢ve been told that putting 110% into anything is mathematically impossible. But weââ¬â¢re proofreaders, not mathematicians! As such, weââ¬â¢re not going to let math get in the way of putting everything we have into solving your writing problems. Today, for example, weââ¬â¢re looking at writing percentages. Words and Numbers As with any numbers, percentages can be written as either words or numbers: Words: Around nine percent of people dislike coffee. Numbers: Approximately 91% of people like coffee. The examples above reflect three important guidelines when writing percentages: Numbers up to ten are usually written as words, while larger numbers are written as numerals When a percentage is written as a word, it should be followed by ââ¬Å"percentâ⬠When a percentage is written as a numeral, it should be followed by the ââ¬Å"%â⬠sign However, this can vary depending on the context (e.g., measurements in scientific writing are almost always written as numerals, even for numbers under ten). Itââ¬â¢s therefore a good idea to check your style guide for advice on how to write percentages. Percent vs. Per Cent The question weââ¬â¢re asked most often about writing percentages is whether to use ââ¬Å"percentâ⬠or ââ¬Å"per cent.â⬠Ultimately, though, this doesnââ¬â¢t really matter: both are accepted spellings of this term. Again, we recommend checking your style guide if you have one, as some publishers and colleges have a preference. And ââ¬Å"percentâ⬠is much more common these days than ââ¬Å"per cent.â⬠But other than that, the main thing is picking one spelling and using it consistently throughout your work. Percent vs. per cent When to Use ââ¬Å"Percentageâ⬠Finally, we have the word ââ¬Å"percentage.â⬠Although similar to ââ¬Å"percent,â⬠this word has a slightly different usage: ââ¬Å"Percentâ⬠is used with specific numbers, while ââ¬Å"percentageâ⬠is used when referring to a general or non-specific amount of something. For example: A small percentage of the forms were coffee stained. Almost seven percent of the forms were coffee stained. As shown above, you should use ââ¬Å"percentageâ⬠when the exact amount is unspecified. Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-60127458756149878172020-02-17T06:27:00.001-08:002020-02-17T06:27:02.938-08:00Muscular Distrophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsMuscular Distrophy - Essay Example The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) has defined muscular dystrophies (MD) as ââ¬Å"a group of more than 30 genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement. Some forms of MD are seen in infancy or childhood, while others may not appear until middle age or later. The disorders differ in terms of the distribution and extent of muscle weakness (some forms of MD also affect cardiac muscle), age of onset, rate of progression, and pattern of inheritanceâ⬠(NINDS, 2010, par. 3). There are various types with corresponding clinical manifestations and therapy for MDs. In this regard, the essay aims to compare and contrast, one particular type, the Duchenne MD with another type, the Facioscapulohumeral MD. The causes, pathology and treatment would be discussed and evaluated in light of the two identified MDs. The Duchenne MD is considered the most common form of MD afflicting children, identified to occur in 1 out of 3,500 live male births (London, et.al. 2007, 1791). This type of MD, likewise known as pseudohyperthophy ââ¬Å"refers to enlargement of muscles as a result of their infiltration with fatty tissueâ⬠(London, et.al. 2007, 1791). The disorder usually appears within the first three to four years of the childââ¬â¢s development. In a research conducted by Bogdanovich, et.al. (2005), the authors averred that ââ¬Å"DMD is characterized by progressive and severe muscle loss that leads to loss of ambulation, with those affected often becoming wheelchair dependent toward the end of the first decade of life. The disease is caused by mutations in the DMD gene resulting in quantitative and/or qualitative disturbances in expression of the gene product, dystrophinâ⬠(par. 1). The symptoms for Duchenne MD include any or a combination of the following: ââ¬Å"fatigue, mental retardation (possible, but does not worsen over time), muscle weakness, and Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-59926174298339596232020-02-03T05:34:00.001-08:002020-02-03T05:34:03.096-08:00Choose either 100 best poems for Children or Peter Pan EssayChoose either 100 best poems for Children or Peter Pan - Essay Example Peter Pan; or the Boy who Wouldnââ¬â¢t Grow Up, when first staged in 1904, was received with almost unanimous enthusiasm. The critics though appreciative were ââ¬Ëa little cautious and puzzledââ¬â¢ (Watson, 2009, p. 143); and not surprisingly so. Peter Pan was no ordinary childrenââ¬â¢s tale. With its queer mixture of childlike fantasy and very adult dark humour, even the first, spectacular viewing of the play must have hinted at the layers of subliminal messages it contained. Peter Pan evidently deserved further penetration. The Peter Pan myth, as indeed it grew to become, has been interpreted with various perspectives. The Spectacle used in the play, the psychological character of Peter and Wendyââ¬â¢s relationship, the biographical link to Barrieââ¬â¢s own experiences with the Llewellyn Davies boys ââ¬â have all been scrutinised and commented upon. But the most prominent observation the play seems to make, and Barrie through it, is on the divide separating ch ildren and grown-ups. What does Peter Pan say about childhood and adulthood? Or to divide it further, on girlhood and boyhood? Does this commentary hold ground a hundred years after its inception? In what ways have its interpretations changed? Children are known (and often rebuked) for asking too many questions: what better way to begin such an exploration than to try and answer these? Barrieââ¬â¢s treatment of adult males in his play might be a good place to begin. Neither of the two significant men characters, Mr. Darling and Captain Hook, is portrayed charitably. Mr. Darling has the trappings of a characteristic patriarchal head, but that is all. He holds no real authority, either at the workplace ââ¬Ëwhere he sits on a stool all day, as fixed as a postage stampââ¬â¢ (Barrie, 2008 [1904], Act I) or at home; as is evident in the scene about the medicine between him and Michael in Act I. Without being too simplistic, one can sum up Mr. Darling as a fussy man, too anxious about social propriety and not Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-23098486839525221572020-01-26T01:58:00.001-08:002020-01-26T01:58:05.817-08:00Case study: Psychoanalytic TheoryCase study: Psychoanalytic Theory This paper will describe an in depth analysis of the psychoanalytic theory. The paper covers the origins of the theory and its creator Sigmund Freud. This paper looks to examine what the theory is and how it affected psychology of its time and how it has progressed throughout time. Also discussed are the strengths and weaknesses of this theory. Another part to this paper looks to examine how psychoanalytic theory relates and diverges from Christian principles. And finally this paper will discuss some personal observations and thoughts on the theory. Psychoanalytic Theory What is psychoanalytic theory and who is its creator? Where did this theory originate and why is it important to psychology today? What are its strengths and weaknesses? How does it influence psychology today and how does it compare to Christian principles? The psychoanalytic theory is a complex and multifaceted idea that still commands for study and revision to this day. This paper is going to look at this complex and multifaceted theory in hopes of answering all the previous questions and to bring a greater appreciation for the groundbreaking theory that set psychology into a new era of knowledge. Discussion Creator/Origin According to Rangell (2006) In the hundred-year history of psychoanalysis, a new science and therapeutic discipline reached a peak, suffered a decline, and has settled down to have its permanent role objectively assessed (p.217) And because of this turbulent history its probably best understood by starting where it began and by first examining the life of its creator, Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud started out life in 1856 and was the first child of eight in his family. His parents lived in poverty and shortly after Freud was turned 4 years old they moved and settled in Vienna. Freud would go on to attend a prominent high school and was an excellent student and graduated with honors. Although his parents were poor his parents did everything they could to help provide him with the best possible education. Following high school Freud went on to study in the medical field. He worked with Europes finest and most well known neurologist, Jean-Martin Charcot. It was while working and studying with Charcot, Freud would find himself most attracted to the practice of medical psychopathology. Charcots specialty was in hysteria and hypnosis. Freud although greatly respected Charcots work would ultimately reject the idea of hypnosis and would turn toward favoring ideas such as free association, dream analysis, and talking through problems. Around this time he would marry his wife, Martha Bernays and open his own medical practice specializing in neurology. Shortly after doing so he began to work with his neurotic patients and this work would lead to the development of terms like repression and psychosomatic, and eventually the development of the psychoanalytic theory. Psychoanalytic theory is a theory that came out of a time when there was very little known about the study of human behavior and how it related to the human mind. Psychoanalytic theory was the first theory that brought attention to the complexity of the human mind and human behavior and how those two related to one another. Sigmund Freud developed this new concept after going through his own self analysis of his personal life. In many ways you might say that it was Freuds own self discovery that this theory was originated. Only by looking back at his own childhood was Freud able to discover his repressed memories and feelings toward his parents. It was this self discovery that laid out the blueprints for the basis of the psychoanalytic theory. Freud was able to develop a theory that looked to combine personality and therapeutic techniques to help explain ones thoughts and actions to ones unconscious motives and conflicts. Sugarman and Kanner (2000) reported, Thus, psychoanalytic theory allows one to organize and to describe a meaningful relationship among pieces of data that might seem separate and unrelated without such a model. (p.5). Freud was the first to develop a psychological therapeutic technique from his psychoanalytic theory. He did so by putting forth a theory that looks at bringing repressed feelings from the unconscious to the conscious. Thereby giving insight into the origins of their disorders and a way to help them come to terms with their feelings and grow from the experience. Weaknesses In spite of all that this theory has contributed to the study of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, it still has many weaknesses. One of its greatest weaknesses is that it lacks empirical evidence to support the theories complex nature. Critics of this theory argue that the theory relies so heavily on therapeutic achievements and therefore has less credibility in the scientific community. Another weakness that psychoanalytic theory faces is the types of methods or techniques used, such as dream analysis, free association, and interpretation. The final weakness that Freuds psychoanalytic theory faces is that many believe that its not a science and much of its key principles which its based on are inaccurate or simply have no empirical evidence to support it. Strengths However, in spite of the theories many weaknesses it continues to this day to provide the foundation for the many new psychotherapy techniques used by therapists today. One of the psychoanalytic theorys greatest strengths is how it has stood the test of time and continues to be an innovative and a revolutionary theory. In addition this theory has helped to lead to the development of new theories and is a comprehensive theory that can in most cases fit with other theories. Also this theory can be used and applied in a practical way and is still recognized by others in the field to this day. Personal Evaluation After much examination into the psychoanalytic theory, I think the greatest flaw I have found in my evaluation was on how the theory itself was originated. The fact that Freud developed such a theory from his own personal self discovery of looking into his childhood interactions with his family to say the very least is lacking a degree of objectivity. Looking at your own personal memories and attempting to be objective is difficult to say the least. Much of what you can remember can easily be manipulated or misrepresented. My thoughts are mixed on this because in one hand I see how that has helped him create a theory that propelled psychology to a whole new realm of study, but I also see it as a huge leap without any scientific basis or objectivity. Another flaw I found after researching Freuds views on religion and God was that in spite of the fact that Freud did not believe in the existence of God, he still intentionally or unintentionally incorporated Christian principles in his work. Freud in spite of his attempts to base his theory on biological and instinctual assumptions, much of his work reveals Christian principles. For example when Freud discussed the concepts of unconscious and conscious he referred to the unconscious as the evil self and the conscious as the moral self. Both Freud and Christian principles acknowledge that man is sinful and are afflicted by the unconscious or evil self. And both Christianity and Freud provide a means to redeem or guidelines to overcome the unconscious or evil self. Another example of a parallel between Freuds work and Christian principles is seen with the concept of moral law. In the Bible, it discusses how man has built into them the knowledge of knowing right from wrong and that no man can live up to this moral law and therefore no man is perfect. And this is basically what Freud is talking about with his concept of the id as a self seeking potentially destructive entity of the human psyche. These two concepts essentially are the same idea only worded so that God is essentially hidden in the background. Parallels like these can be seen between Christian principles and Freuds psychoanalytic theory and throughout much of his other work. All in all Sigmund Freud was a pioneer of his time. Freud developed the first of what would become the basis for psychotherapy and the future development of new theories designed to help further the psychology field. In many ways without Freuds insights into his own personal life and memories, we wouldnt have progressed as far as we have today. In many ways we owe Sigmund Freud our professional respect and appreciation for his many contributions to psychology. Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-48499129884592490472020-01-17T22:20:00.001-08:002020-01-17T22:20:04.212-08:00Lingerie A Fashion Statement Fashion EssayMany adult females today are looking for good trades on lacing intimate apparel. This type of sexy unmentionable is a fabulous thought to spice things up, or merely to experience slightly glamourous. In the yesteryear, in order to acquire high quality lacing, you would hold to pass a batch of money and clip seeking for a shop that would be selling it without the high grade up that these things get. The great huge bulk of people that are seeking for lacing is happening that there is so much more online than of all time before. 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Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-53512573837941630632020-01-09T18:43:00.001-08:002020-01-09T18:43:03.721-08:00Immigrants Should Not Be Illegal - 1137 Words Immigrants arenââ¬â¢t given the rights that they should be. Throughout history, immigrants havenââ¬â¢t been given the opportunities they deserve. When certain races came to America, they were always unwanted. New immigration process would benefit many people. ââ¬Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.â⬠(U.S. Constitution 14th amendment). There are only a few ways one can become a U.S. citizen. The first method would be getting a green card; if you do receive one that makes you a legal resident. While having one, one would have to be a resident for 5 years and do other qualifications. The second method would be marrying a U.S. citizen. This is a more popular one, but also a more one people tend to do illegally because they only marry for papers and then divorce shortly after. Illegal Immigration has always been a problem in America and dates back to the twentieth century. It started with the banning of criminals and mentally ill who came from China. The first law was passed in 1870. It restricted residency to Asians and was only allowed to whites and AfricanShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigrants Should Be Illegal1456 Words à |à 6 Pagesmillion illegal immigrants live in Americaâ⬠(Watkins). According to the recent study, ââ¬Å"The Percentage of immigrants living in the U.S.A. is almost fourteen percentâ⬠(Wooldridge). This problem is an issue to the U.S. and will be an issue to all of the nations including europe, asia, etcetera. if it is not fixed. Reason is that the immigrants get more government help or welfare some may call it, than the registered citizens of America. Studies show that 51 percent of homes led by immigrants are gettingRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Should Be Deported1483 Words à |à 6 Pageswhat will happen to illegal immigran ts. But, beside the president should we keep the illegal immigrants and let them live in the US without fear of being deported or should we deport them back to their native countries such as Mexico and other hispanic areas. As research shows immigrants bring danger to the roads, they fill up prisons, and they suck off of American education. All of these will result in americans being affected negatively in some way. Illegal immigrants should be deported. Read MoreIllegal Immigrants Should Be Legal1514 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"We should be able to refuse immigrants. There are a lot of illegalââ¬â¢s that are taking jobs that actual Americans need in the current economic conditions, plus they cause our taxes to go up because we have to pay for their health insurance and they might need welfare so they get all the money taken from our pay so they donââ¬â¢t have to work. They should have to speak English too, if I went to their country, no one would be taking care of me and making sure that I can find the bathroom, or feeding myRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants Should Not Be Illegal1082 Words à |à 5 Pagesreform was passed. It claimed that US create a tough but fair path to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants currently living in the US. Since then the problem ââ¬Å"Should Undocumented Immigrants Have a Path to Citizenship?â⬠has been risen to the stage of politics. Many governor and citizen think there should have so me path for undocumented immigrants to gain citizenship. By helping the undocumented immigrant to get citizenship could boost the United Stated economy development, bring in more talent peopleRead MoreShould Illegal Immigrants Be Allowed?1734 Words à |à 7 Pages15 million immigrants reside in the United States illegally, of which 65.9 percent of those are high school graduates that wish to chase their dreams and go to college. à No one should ever question furthering their education or to stop it simply because of their legal status. à The United States government is acting unfairly upon the issue of whether Illegal immigrants should be allowed to obtain in-state tuition or not. Illegal Immigrants that are dedicated towards their education should be allowedRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Should Be Granted1027 Words à |à 5 Pagesbelieve that illegal immigrants should be given the chance to be here legally. Many families are torn apart because of deportation. Some mothers have b een forced to leave their kids alone here. This could end up with the kids in the foster system if they have no family here. Iââ¬â¢ve heard many stories of how hard it is for people to cross the border. All they want is a better future. That is what America was built on. Immigrants coming here and looking for a better future. So why should we not help thoseRead MoreShould Immigration Be Illegal Immigrants?1723 Words à |à 7 Pagesgrounds department. They have to bring their own lunches and have to eat it outside on the picnic benches in the blazing sun. Whenever I ride past them they seem miserable. Not too many of them speak English which leads me to question if they are illegal immigrants or not. Immigration is a complicated concept because there are people who have the beliefs that it destroys the economy, and then there are those who believe it makes the economy run more smoothly and strengthens it. You can argue that allowingRead MoreShould Illegal Immigrants Be Allowed?857 Words à |à 4 PagesShould Illegal Immigrants Be Able to Have Driverââ¬â¢s Licenses? The national debate of whether or not illegal immigrants should be able to obtain driver s licenses is not an easy issue to resolve. Two different sides have strong, valid points that adequately support their claims. So prior to making any rational decisions, both viewpoints should be closely observed. After a lot of research and deep thinking, I have decided that I am against the notion of illegal immigrants being grantedRead MoreShould Amnesty Be Illegal Immigrants?855 Words à |à 4 Pageseveryone has. I believe granting amnesty to immigrants can bring happiness in both the country and immigrants. For those who do not know what amnesty is, it is an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses. My topic is about granting amnesty to immigrants in any country and to let them have every right a legal citizen has. I will be covering mostly on the immigrants who are currently living in the United States. Having illegal immigrants ââ¬Å"Can he lp with the country s economyâ⬠Read MoreShould Illegal Immigrants Be Deported1811 Words à |à 8 PagesIllegal Immigration i Should Illegal Immigrants Be Deported? Philosophy 518 Dr. Davis June 25, 2012 Illegal Immigration 1 Introduction It is important for businesses and professionals to be versed in ethical issues because it helps with decision-making when faced with different situations that create a moral dilemma. Business and professional ethics help to develop a certain moral standard and expectation in the business world. The ethics in which a business or a professional operates Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-26230768872169960302020-01-01T15:09:00.001-08:002020-01-01T15:09:02.712-08:00William Carlos Williams Philomena Andronica And Gertrude... William Carlos Williams ââ¬Å"Philomena Andronicaâ⬠and Gertrude Steinââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Identity, a poemâ⬠are both visually and tonally very different texts. However, Stein and Williams have both used similar approaches to literary form in their poems as can be seen in their non-traditional approach to meaning generation and rejection of grammatical convention. The poems also both show an interest in the notion of identity and itââ¬â¢s fluidity, although Stein employs repeated images in her investigation whilst Williams approach lies in his clever use of parenthesis and vignette form. The two texts both take an approach to punctuation and formatting that strays from grammatical convention. The passage from Steinââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Identity, a Poemâ⬠presents a syntactic exploration of the idea identity and self. By rejecting the form that the reader expects of a poem, Stein guides her readers to an understanding of how language shapes identity. One example of this is the use of a full stop where grammatical rule dictates there should be a question mark, ââ¬Å"and if the little dog is not there is it alone.â⬠The lack of expected punctuation makes the reader question the idea that meaning is dependent on grammatical conventions; why do we need a question mark in order to understand the words as a question? Stein also uses a mixture of prose and poetic voice in her poem. By contrasting lines such as ââ¬Å"I say two dogs but say a dog and a dog,â⬠which is distinctly poetic, with lines with a prosaic tone ââ¬Å"The person Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-6569921941792512702019-12-24T10:55:00.001-08:002019-12-24T10:55:03.581-08:00The Work Bicycle Thieves By Vittorio De Sica - 2024 Words The work Bicycle Thieves is chosen to be discussed in this essay. Bicycle Thieves is an Italian film published in 1948, directed by Vittorio De Sica. It gained both commercial and artistic success, and have won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1948. The film is famous for its neorealism that reflects the post-war Italian society. In the following essay, Iââ¬â¢m going to discuss how did De Sica use the cinematography skills to strengthen his expressions in Bicycle Thieves, and the ways he conveys the meaning of the film. De Sica claimed a film is ââ¬Å"reality transposed into the realm of poetryâ⬠(Turan 103). So, the principle of his directing is to be genuine and realistic. This shares some similarities with the ideas of Italian neorealism. According to ââ¬ËTen points of neorealismââ¬â¢ published by the Paris Journal in 1952, a neorealist movie should have some of the following features: a message; topical scripts by concrete events; a sense of the masses; realism; the truth of actors (often non-professionals) and lighting; refusal of the studio (Lielm 131-132). Bicycle Thieves comprise with most of the characteristics mentioned above and made good use of them: First, the selection of the actors. De Sica denied David Selznickââ¬â¢s suggestion of Cary Grant for the lead and his financial support. He insists on selecting unprofessional actors to be the protagonists of the film. The factory worker Lamberto Maggiorani played the leading role Antonio Ricci, and anotherShow MoreRelatedItalian Neorealism ( 1945-1953 )1909 Words à |à 8 PagesItalian neorealism (1945-1953), through directors like Roberto Rossellini and Vittorio De Sica, made its trademark on cinematic history not only in Italy, but also throughout the world. It was films such as Rome Open City (Roma città aperta, 1945), The Bicycle Thief (Ladri di biciclette, 1948), and Umberto D., (1952) whose style of depicting the harsh economic and social realities of the poor and working class of Italy took off as a new cinematic style after World War II. Neorealism is a responseRead MoreTheme Of Neorealism In Ladri Di Biciclette1348 Words à |à 6 Pagesscreenwriters who help star t the Neorealism movement in his home countyââ¬â¢s cinema once said ââ¬Å" The true purpose on cinema is not to tell fables...There must be no gap between life and what is on the screen.â⬠His screenplay, Ladri Di Biciclette (known as Bicycle Thieves to American audiences) is an artful manifestation of the Italian Neorealism. The film through numerous narrative aspects captures realistic snapshot into the fictional life of a working class family in post WWII Italy, and even has viewers questionRead MoreAnalysis Of Nanook Of The North By Robert Faherty2109 Words à |à 9 Pagesfilms, especially by those of Vittorio De Sicca. De Sica pulled documentary filming techniques to make his films seem realistic and to almost have a documentary feel to them. Italian neorealism rejected the opulence of Hollywood and instead only wanted to portray real people and their struggles. To do that De Sica borrowed some techniques that made Flahertyââ¬â¢s films so successful and seemingly r eal; like that of the long take, close-ups, and unobtrusive editing. De Sica wasnââ¬â¢t the only one to borrowRead MoreItalian Neo-Realism Cinema Essay1852 Words à |à 8 Pagesestablish itself with the end of World War II with the end of German occupation. This caused audiences all around the globe to be ââ¬Å"suddenly introduced to Italian filmsâ⬠(Historical Origins of Italian Neo-realism, n.d.) through works by ââ¬Å"Roberto Rossellini (1906ââ¬â1977), Vittorio De Sica (1902ââ¬â1974), and Luchino Visconti (1906ââ¬â1976)â⬠(Historical Origins of Italian Neo-realism, n.d.). With the oppressive shackles of fascist censorship now gone, Italian directors began to pursue a new style of cinematic realismRead MoreEssay on Pure Cinema1702 Words à |à 7 Pages 1. Ladri de Biccilette [Bicycle Thieves] (Vittorio De Sica) Do you agree with Andre Bazin that Ladri de Biccilette is an example of ââ¬Ëpure cinemaââ¬â¢? (Bazin [1971] p.60). To what extent is such a pure cinema possible and, in your opinion, which Italian Neo-realist film screened on the unit comes closest to it? Explain your reasoning. This essay will address the characteristics of ââ¬Ëpure cinemaââ¬â¢ and the extent of its practical nature. It also seeks to analyse the film Ladri de Biccilette whilstRead More Vittorio de Sicas The Bicycle Thief Essay3286 Words à |à 14 PagesVittorio de Sicas The Bicycle Thief Since the beginning of its existence as a country, Italy has faced enormous challenges in establishing itself as a unified political and social entity. The geographic, economic, and linguistic differences between its various regions and the artificial manner in which they were amalgamated created a legacy of internal divisions that continues to dominate the countrys political climate to this day. Italys numerous historical fiascoes, such as its disastrousRead MoreA Realist Look993 Words à |à 4 Pagesformalistic films. In my opinion, and I think Bazin, would agree that editing a scene would rendered it ineffective. The editing becomes in itself unrealistic and causes its own ambiguous meaning. In Realism, if you look at directors like Vittorio De Sica ââ¬Å"The Bicycle Thieves (1948)â⬠, Federico Fellini ââ¬Å"8 à ½ (1963)â⬠, Franà §ois Truffaut ââ¬Å"The 400 Blows (1959), and Jean Renoir (The Lower Depths (1945)â⬠they have a better look on reality. As for me, I own all these films and I love them all. I personal love Jean Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-87402037995379407322019-12-16T07:24:00.001-08:002019-12-16T07:24:07.285-08:00Erp vs Legacy System Free Essays string(120) " of the need for legacy systems to persist in the organization according to varying degrees \(Holland and Light 1999\)\." Ng, Martin M. T. , School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117543, ngmongth@yahoo. We will write a custom essay sample on Erp vs Legacy System or any similar topic only for you Order Now com. sg Tan, Michael T. K. , School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117543, mtan@comp. nus. edu. sg Abstract Being hailed as possessing the ability to ââ¬Å"drive effective business reengineering and management of core and support processesâ⬠, it is not surprising that Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have been adopted by more than 60% of Fortune 500 companies as at the turn of the century.In contrast, negative connotations have been commonly known to be attached to legacy systems and inhouse developed systems. But yet, some of these legacy systems are not replaced when companies adopt ERP solutions while in-house systems still continue to be developed. This research employs symbolic interactionism as the informing theoretical perspective in an ethnography study of a large government authority in Singapore.Our findings surprisingly indicate that the IS professionals supporting the systems tend to attach rather negative symbols to their SAP system, while viewing their legacy system and in-house software development work in a more favorable light. In this paper, we first describe the different symbolism that has been attached over the years to the ERP vis-a-vis legacy system. We then highlight how certain of the early symbols gradually got sedimented over time, while others did not exhibit similar permanence and presence.As a result of such symbolic realities, we demonstrate the consequent differences in attitudes of the staff involved in ERP support vis-a-vis legacy and in-house system supp ort. Keywords: Symbolic interactionism, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), legacy system. 1 INTRODUCTION ERP solutions are commercial software packages (ââ¬Å"integrated suitesâ⬠) that enable the integration of transaction oriented data and business processes throughout an organization (Davenport 1998).By 2000, more than 60% of Fortune 500 companies have adopted ERP packages and this is a trend that is increasingly embraced by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as they realize the cost effectiveness and competitive necessity to follow suit (Klaus, 2000). Boston-based AMR Research estimates that the ERP market will grow from $19. 8 billion to $31. 4 billion in 2006 at a compound annual growth rate of 10 percent (Surmacz, 2002).This widespread adoption is largely the result of ERP packages being hailed as possessing the ability to ââ¬Å"drive effective business reengineering and management of core and support processesâ⬠(Al Mashari, 2002). In fact, Davenport (1998) describes them as being the ââ¬Å"most important development in the corporate use of in formation technology in the 1990sâ⬠. In contrast, legacy systems have been described as having a ââ¬Å"consequentially negative impact on competitivenessâ⬠(Brodie and Stonebraker, 1995) while being ââ¬Å"non-maintainable and inflexibleâ⬠(Oââ¬â¢Callaghan, 1999).As more organizations follow the trend of implementing ERP packages, there is increasing interest to study the factors determining the places that existing legacy and in-house developed systems are left to occupy within the organization. This is made all the more relevant in view of the negative connotations often attached to these systems. However, it is a well-known fact that some legacy systems are not replaced when companies adopt the ERP solutions (Themistocleous and Irani, 2001), while in-house systems still continue to be developed.While risks and time involved have been highlighted as possible reasons for the non-replacement of legacy systems, little attention has been paid to the process issues (Markus and Tanis, 2000) as well as the sym bolic meanings attached to the ERP vis-a-vis legacy systems. Many researchers have highlighted the fact that extant literature has focused on the early stages of the ERP lifecycle ââ¬â the implementation phase (Esteves and Pastor, 2001; Bancroft, 1996).While it is recognized that there are many stakeholders involved throughout the ERP lifecycle, as more organizations go live, they face ââ¬Å"the challenge of maintaining these costly systemsâ⬠(Ng, 2001). This has resulted in increased recognition for research effort to be placed on the impact of the relationship between IT support staff and their information systems. As such, this study will focus primarily on the perspectives of the IT support staff. In this study, we investigate the relative positions of the ERP ackage vis-a-vis the legacy and inhouse developed systems existing within a large government authority in Singapore by noting the difference in attitudes of IT support personnel towards the systems. In particular, we adopt symbolic interactionism as the informing theoretical perspective. Doing so allows this study to differ from prior research, providing valuable insights through the use of a fresh perspective that has been underutilized in IS research, in spite of its obvious theoretical strengths (Prasad 1993). THE ERP VERSUS LEGACY SYSTEMS DEBATE Over the years, ERP has served as a powerful and comprehensive tool in aiding organizations on managing their businesses. In fact, it can be regarded as one of the most innovative developments in the information technology of the 1990s, exhibiting both pervasiveness and prominence. Despite the large installed base of ERP systems, academic research in this area is relatively new and related publications within the IS academic community are only now emerging.Much of the existing literature consists of articles or case studies in business press or in practitioner focused journals, while new fields of knowledge remain yet to be explored ââ¬â with ââ¬Å"processâ⬠and ââ¬Å"humanâ⬠issues being especially pertinent. 2. 1 The Issue of Legacy Systems Given the potential benefits of ERP, many firms have been trying to standardize their IT environment by deploying ERP packages to replace legacy systems that had been built on outdated technologies (Ross and Vitale, 2000).Further accentuating this trend is the conventional view that such systems ââ¬Å"resist modification and evolution to meet business requirementsâ⬠(Brodie and Stonebraker, 1995). On the other hand, it has also been argued that ERP packages have in fact failed to achieve application integration and 38 percent of companies who adopt these ERP solutions do not replace their legacy systems (Themistocleous, Irani and Oââ¬â¢Keffe, 2001).Specifically, ERP packages do not seem to be able to ââ¬Å"cover all the business processes of an enterpriseâ⬠and as such, organizations typically do not ââ¬Å"abandon all their existing applications when adopting ERP solutionsâ⬠(Schonefeld and Vering, 2000). Indeed, there is an increasing recognition of the need for legacy systems to persist in the organization according to varying degrees (Holland and Light 1999). You read "Erp vs Legacy System" in category "Papers" In spite of this need for co-existence between the systems, ERP packages are however not designed to be incorporated with existing systems (Schonefeld and Vering, 2000). . 2 Symbolism at Work? Against this paradoxical backdrop, it is common knowledge that many ERP implementations are associated with a ââ¬Å"mythmakingâ⬠process whereby the incoming ERP package is usually slated to be the ââ¬Å"ideal systemâ⬠while the outgoing legacy systems are usually attached with the title of a ââ¬Å"dying systemâ⬠(Alvarez, 2000). In fact, during the implementation process of the ERP packages, legacy systems have sometimes been ââ¬Å"constructedâ⬠by the organization to assume such a ââ¬Å"dying systemâ⬠identity in order to facilitate the transition (Alva rez, 2000).In the same way, it is frequently thought that IT support personnel would view being assigned to provide ERP support as ââ¬Å"idealâ⬠while doing in-house development work and providing legacy system support would be a ââ¬Å"dyingâ⬠responsibility. Clearly, there is much symbolism at work in the implementation, use and support of ERP systems within organizations. Gaining an appreciation of such symbolism may therefore yield new and interesting insights in this ERP arena. 2. 3 Roadmap of PaperTo further contribute to the ERP-legacy systems debate, the rest of this paper will proceed as follows. We first elaborate on our choice of symbolic interactionism as the theoretical perspective for this study. Next, we outline the research questions and explain our choice of ethnography (appropriately informed by the symbolic interactionism) as the strategy of inquiry for this study. Our case study findings of a large government authority in Singapore are then presented.We conclude with implications for research and practice. 3 SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Over the years, there has been increasing interest in the role of symbolism within organizations in general (Turner, 1990) and of the symbolic nature of computers and IT in particular (Prasad, 1993). In IS literature, prominent researchers have also similarly recognized the importance of symbolism when organizational and technological contexts intersect (e. g. Hirschheim and Newman, 1991). However, symbolism interactionism as a theoretical perspective has been largely underutilized and there have been few noteworthy organizational studies in IS literature that explicitly use the interactionist perspective (e. g. , Gopal and Prasad, 2000). Together with phenomenology and hermeneutics, symbolic interactionism is one of several interpretive approaches to social science research. Developed largely by Blumer (1969) and Mead 1934), symbolic interactionism is a long standing methodological tradition described as a study of the ways in which people assign meanings to objects and events in the course of everyday social interaction. Having evolved over the years by researchers like Maines (1977) and Stryker (1981), symbolic interactionism is now an influential school of thought in social science research (Prasad, 1993) and is employed in multiple fields of management including organizational behaviour (Vaught and Weihagen, 1991) and organizational change (Prasad, 1993).Such a perspective recognizes peoplesââ¬â¢ capacities for adjustive reflectivity with 3 basic assumptions (Blumer 1969): â⬠¢ That human beings act towards things on the basis of the meanings that these things have for them â⬠¢ That the meanings of suc h things are derived from, and arise out of, the social interaction that one has with oneââ¬â¢s fellows â⬠¢ That these meanings are handled in, and modified through, an interpretive process used by the person in dealing with the things he encounters In this research, symbolic interactionism is particularly appropriate as a theoretical perspective to study the ERP versus legacy system issue because it ââ¬Å"simultaneously emphasizes both process issues and the roles of meaning and symbolsâ⬠(Prasad, 1993). These process issues are important when considering how the symbols and meanings attached by IT support personnel to the various systems come to be ââ¬Å"sedimentedâ⬠over time. The sedimentation process itself is worth investigating because how these symbols come to be impressed upon the actor is usually as important as, if not more so than, the symbols themselves. 4 RESEARCH STUDY This paper reports on a field study in which the first author was immersed in the organizational context of a large government authority (henceforth referred to as the ââ¬Å"Authorityâ⬠) in Singapore during a critical decision-making period. 4. 1 Research SiteSince beginning operations in the mid 1900s, the Authority has prided itself in being recognized as a major global hub in the transportation industry. Having more than 10 divisions, the Authority employs around 2000 people. Given the increasing need to integrate their operations, the Authority implemented the SAP R/2 system in the early 1990s to replace some functions of its legacy system. Only the Materials Management (MM) and Finance modules were implemented. Certain core modules like the Human Resource (HR) applications were not incorporated into the package. Instead, this functionality was left to the responsibility of the in-house developed legacy systems. In 1998, the Authority upgraded the R/2 system to the newer R/3 system in view of the impending Year 2000 (Y2K) problem. Even then, the HR functionality was still left unimplemented. In early 2003, the decision to upgrade the R/3 package to a newer version was shelved, in spite of requests to do so to accommodate communication with external government systems. Instead, the Authority has taken upon itself to do in-house development of a scheduling system whose functionalities can actually be provided by the SAP system with some customizations made. It is said that management will review the decision to upgrade the SAP system sometime in the first half of 2004. 4. 2 Research Questions The following research questions were developed after two weeks of reliminary observations at the Authority with the intention of addressing the aforementioned gaps in the existing literature: 1) What symbols did the IT support staff attach to the ERP package vis-a-vis the legacy and inhouse developed sys tems? 2) How did the manifestation of the symbols impact the organization as a whole? 4. 3 Symbolic Interactionist Ethnography As mentioned earlier, this study uses symbolic interactionism as the theoretical perspective to guide the research. However, as a theoretical perspective, symbolic interactionism does not offer any guidance as to the actual conduct of the research methods, and this is where we select ethnography as the strategy of inquiry for the study.Ethnographic research comes from the disciplines of cultural and social anthropology. It requires the immersion of the ethnographer into the life-worlds of the people being studied. Observation, participant-observation, and interviews are the three sources of data that an ethnographer will rely on to achieve intimate familiarity within the settings (Prus, 1996). In this study, there is a need for the researcher to be immersed in the naturalistic setting of the research site for a significant amount of time so that he/she can observe the phenomenon in its social/cultural context. Ethnography is therefore an appropr iate approach for such research (Lewis, 1976). With symbolic interactionism as the informing theoretical perspective for this study, it is imperative that the chosen strategy of inquiry respects the intersubjective nature of human group life and maintains a coherence with the researcherââ¬â¢s hermeneutic viewpoint (Prus, 1996). An ethnographic approach satisfies this by allowing the researcher the opportunity to be immersed in the life-world of the actors being studied and hence be appreciative of the interpersonal exchanges on a firsthand basis. This allows for the researcher to be more attentive to the ongoing social interactions of the actors. 4. 4 Research Methods For almost three months earlier this year, the first author was immersed in day-to-day activities at the Authority (he also had a similar immersion the previous year albeit not in a formal research capacity).During this period, he worked in the Information Systems (IS) department, whose function is to oversee project implementation of back-end systems (including the ERP package) and to ensure the smooth daily operations of these systems. Such an attachment provided many opportunities for interactions with IT support staff maintaining the various systems. Data collection consisted of observation, participant-observation and interviews (Prus, 1996). Pre-arranged semi-structured interviews were carried out with 18 personnel consisting of employees from the IS department as well as end-users from the Finance and Internal Audit departments (in particular, focusing on employees who had been present since the pre-R/3 days).The focus was set on trying to understand the intervieweeââ¬â¢s experiences with the information systems as well as to identify any symbolisms that they attach to the system. Information was also gathered from informal chats and minutes taken from meetings, memos, correspondence letters as well as other official documents pertaining to the SAP packageââ¬â¢s usage and maintenance. This vital source of data, drawn out from the Authorityââ¬â¢s archives, was instrumental in providing a valuable insight which allowed for a review of the events that took place during the early years of the SAP packageââ¬â¢s usage. The next four months were spent off-site but there were continuing regular interactions with various members of the Authority to clarify various research findings prior to writing this final ethnographic account.Data analysis was performed employing Emerson, Fretz and Shawââ¬â¢s (1995) recommendations of the initial open coding by going through the fieldnotes in an attempt to identify and formulate ideas and themes. This was followed by focused coding where the core theme was built up and elaborated. 5 5. 1 RESEARCH FINDINGS Multiple Symbols: ERP package vis-a-vis Legacy and In-house developed systems To begin, it is important to note that the IT support staff tends to attach multiple symbols to the ERP package as well as the legacy and in-house developed systems, as tabulated in Table 1. SYMBOLS Misalignment Distrust Uncontrollability Potential Extravagance Hindrance Efficiency Pride Commitment ExclusivityERP PACKAGE PRE-R/3 POST-R/3 Not in line with corporate vision (but in line with work process objectives); Not cost-saving, profit-generating or customer-facing Doubt and disbelief that the ERP package can take on the responsibility of the legacy and in-house systems Inability to customize the ERP ââ¬Å"â⬠¦tied in to the supplierâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Indicates package to fit current user that they are ââ¬Å"at the [supplierââ¬â¢s] requirements, ââ¬Å"like a monsterâ⬠mercyâ⬠Gate way to a better career; Untapped capabilities, ââ¬Å"like an ocean Stepping stone for future [full of possibilities]â⬠organizational/IT improvements Excessiveness and waste of resources Viewed as a major obstacle in the IS professionalââ¬â¢s career path Integration; Speeding up of work Similar to the pre-R/3 period, albeit processes; Better use of resources; exerting less prominence, possessing Data collection on site more of a residual impression Recognition as an expert of a highly sought-after system (esp during ERPââ¬â¢s boom years) Obligation to stay on with package, high switching costs, ââ¬Å"marriage without a divorceâ⬠ââ¬â LEGACY IN-HOUSE SYSTEMS ââ¬â ââ¬â Capable; Necessary for effective operations Masterpiece; Ownership Sense of responsibility and dedication to its own system Functionalities that cannot be performed by the ERP package, ââ¬Å"the one and onlyâ⬠Table 1. Table of prominent symbols The symbols to describe the ERP packag e can be classified based on two time frames: the pre- and post-R/3 years.The symbols identified during the pre-R/3 years represent those attached to the package during a period of change and transition. In contrast, there was a clear transition to the postR/3 years which represented a time when the system was already well-established within the Authority and there were few major changes made to it. As noted by a senior Information Systems manager: ââ¬Å"Before the system was upgraded to the present R/3 [system], there were so many problems. Users tried to tweak the system and so many changes were made. And even then, it didnââ¬â¢t really come out right. In the end, most of them just entirely left out that functionâ⬠¦. It took many years after the [initial] implementation before the project could be said to be completed.In contrast, the upgrade to the R/3 system was very fastâ⬠¦about 9 monthsâ⬠The symbols from the pre-R/3 days are determined mainly from comments from members of the implementation team as well as from documents obtained from the Authorityââ¬â¢s registry. In accordance with the four-phase model proposed by Markus and Tanis (2000), these symbols reflect the sentiments towards the systems mainly during the Shakedown phase of the ERP package, as well as the occasional comments taken during the Project Chartering and Project phases. These symbols were attached to the systems when the ERP package was still in a period of constant change and upgrades. Not surprisingly, the expressed sentiments veered on both positive and negative extremes.Some of the more prominent symbols during this period and as described in greater detail in Table 1: Efficiency, Potential, Uncontrollability and Distrust. The symbols from the post-R/3 years are a reflection of the support staffsââ¬â¢ impressions of the system during the Onward and Upward phase. Some of the symbols exhibit strong levels of permanence, crossing over from the pre-R/3 period to the post-R/3 period. Yet others simply fail to ââ¬Å"sedimentâ⬠and disappear with the upgrade. These symbols are plainly visible from the speech and behaviour of the support staff ââ¬â clearly, their sentiments have turned more negative in spite of the system being more ââ¬Å"establishedâ⬠. Prominent symbols: Extravagance, Hindrance and Misalignment.The symbols attached to the legacy and in-house developed systems are representative of the impressions support staff currently have of the systems in comparison to the SAP package. Clearly, they seem to take quite a bit of pride in their own ââ¬Å"handiworkâ⬠, in contrast to the failings of the commercially-developed SAP package. Prominent symbols: Pride, Exclusivity and Commitment. 5. 2 Temporal meanings of Symbolic Representations Having identified the multiple symbols attached to the systems, it is imperative to note that different symbols signify different meanings to different people. Symbolic interactionists recognize the need to identify and differentiate these meanings. Mumford Weir (1979) and Pava (1983) have demonstrated this when writing about how the turmoil and chaos people attach to computerization have different meanings. They also give recognition to the importance of identifying the different local meanings of the symbols identified. In this study, we find that beyond such local meanings, different symbols also signify different meanings at different times. Between the pre-R/3 years and the post-R/3 years, the differences in the meaning of the various symbols also serve as a demonstration of the difference in impression of the ERP package during a time of change versus a time when the system is considered generally established.By noting the symbols in the two time frames (tabulated accordingly in Table 1), it can be seen that while some symbols persisted (with/without changes to the meanings), others failed to do so. Such changes, coupled with the fact that there are more negative symbols attached to the ERP package, clearly indicate an im provement of the ââ¬Å"statusâ⬠of the legacy and in-house systems relative to the ERP package. 5. 3 Sedimentation of Symbols The study of the sedimentation process of the symbols is as important, if not more so, as the identification of the symbols themselves and their temporal meanings. This focus is supported by theorists like Fine (1992) who argue that attention should be directed to the forces resulting in the attachment of the symbols to the various subjects.At any one time, there are multiple symbols attached to the systems (as demonstrated in the earlier section) but only those that exhibit a degree of persistence and presence will develop into organizational realities. Certain symbols exhibit a strong presence within a given time frame, but fail to persist as the system undergoes a transition. In the case of the Authority, there were four main processes and forces that proved to be instrumental in determining the persistence and presence of the various symbols. They are management influence, innovation fit, external forces and interaction with users. 5. 3. 1 Result of management influence Top management influence has long been an influencing factor on the implementation phases and the usage phases of any organizational system (Nah, Lau and Kuang, 2001).In the case of the Authority, it was apparent among the support staff of the Authority that the sedimentation of negative symbols like hindrance were largely dependent on managementââ¬â¢s impression of the system and the subsequent (lack of) recognition for efforts of the support staff. A system analyst commented, ââ¬Å"[The SAP system] is not a good thing to go into because management does not recognize the work that you do. â⬠This impression was the result of attributing the obstacle in oneââ¬â¢s career path to that of supporting the ERP package which did not win the favor of management. In contrast, during the boom years of the ERP package, management viewed the system favorably, resulting in the symbolic representation of potential being sedimented as a popular opini on among the support staff. By this, they attached the meaning of a gateway to a better career to the system. One of the visions of the Authority is to provide outstanding service to its customers. Being a backend system, management did not consider the ERP package to be aligned with the corporate vision in contrast with other customer-facing applications which were viewed in a relatively better light. This resulted in the sedimentation of negative symbols like misalignment. This was highlighted when one of the staff highlighted, ââ¬Å"But [the ERP package] is not a customer-facing system and doesnââ¬â¢t help to make the customerââ¬â¢s experience here more pleasant. True, it is important for our work, but itââ¬â¢s not getting recognized [by management] like the rest of the front-end systems. â⬠5. 3. 2 Result of innovation fitInnovation fit is one of the main factors influencing the implementation of new technologies for improved operational efficiencies (Meyers et al. , 1999). This is also highlighted as one of the factors impacting the sedimentation of the symbolic representations, clearly demonstrated when considering the symbol extravagance. A support staff commented, ââ¬Å"Actually the SAP system is better for manufacturing industries where they actually make use of all the modules throughout the production process. Over here, we only make use of the MM and Finance modules. As for the other modules, [we] never make useâ⬠¦very wasted. â⬠5. 3. 3 Result of external influence A significant number of symbols are the result of external factors like interactions with end-users as well as newspapers and magazines.Though not direct users of the ERP package, the IS professionals themselves were very much influenced by the comments of the end-users, so much so that most of them often consider the position of the end-users and take it as their own. For example, when trying to bring across the idea of efficiency, one senior system analyst stated, ââ¬Å"[The ERP package] is a very efficient piece of software, thatââ¬â¢s what all my end-users sayâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ The symbolic reality, commitment, was attached to the ERP package largely due to the external influence of the SAP vendor. The commitment that support staff attached to the ERP package took on the meaning of an obligation and reflected the high switching costs involved.From interviews with several IS professionals, it was found that a common term used to describe the Auth orityââ¬â¢s relationship with the ERP package was that of a ââ¬Å"marriage which cannot be divorcedâ⬠. This is in direct contrast to the meaning attached to the legacy system, where commitment was often a result of dedication and responsibility to the IS professionalââ¬â¢s own creation. 5. 3. 4 Result of interaction with system The sedimentation of most of the symbols can also be largely attributed to the support staffsââ¬â¢ interaction with the systems. Through such daily interactions, opinions were formed and symbols became attached to the respective systems.A senior Information Systems manager present during the early stages of the ERP package provided an analogy which summarized her experience with the ERP package and clearly demonstrated the reason for her attachment of the symbol uncontrollability to the pre-R/3 package: ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s like building a house which rest on the ground (original plan) but [the] owner wanted to modify [the] building by putting on stilts/legs. After much argument with the architect who strongly discouraged him to make the modifications, he got his stilts/legs to the house anyway. But through the months/years, the stubborn owner started to see more and more problems creeping into his modified house, and one day heââ¬â¢d to leave it before it collapsed. â⬠5. 4 Symbolic ManifestationAs noted by Prasad (1993), the ââ¬Å"process of enactment, whereby symbolic realities mediate meaningful action, is a central concern of any research projectâ⬠for symbolic interactionists. As such, this section will focus on the pre- and post-R/3 manifestation of the symbolic representations attached to the systems, which contribute to the ââ¬Å"causeâ⬠of the events observed in the Authority. During the R/2 to R/3 upgrade phase in 1998, the Authority had the opportunity to incorporate the HR system as part of the ERP package but they chose not to do so. From an interview with an original member of the support team in charge of the upgrade, a reason cited was that they had ââ¬Å"learnt their lesson of trying to customize the systemâ⬠. This was clearly a case of the manifestation of uncontrollability.During the early implementation and usage of R/2, the Authority had actually attempted to customize the ERP package to fit their wor k processes but realized that the effort to do so resulted in problems which instead caused them to abandon several functionalities. Furthermore, the support staff exhibited a resistance to change because of a strong sense of pride, in this case, a sense of ownership over the particular HR legacy system as well as a belief in the exclusivity of the legacy systemââ¬â¢s functionality. As such, the decision to incorporate the HR functionality did not receive much support from the support staff during the SAP packageââ¬â¢s upgrade to the R/3 version.During the post-R/3 years, it was decided that an in-house development of a system, whose functionalities could actually have been provided by the ERP modules with customizations done, was to proceed in favor of the upgrade of the ERP package to a later version (which was actually required to facilitate communication with external government systems). On reflection, this decision may not be so surprising after all. The symbolic representation of extravagance tended to be associated with the ERP package. This was clearly the sentiment of a number of staff who comment ed that the upgrade was ââ¬Å"too expensiveâ⬠¦ no budget. â⬠Furthermore, management felt that the need to upgrade the system could not be justified in terms of the returns they could expect. Another reason for the decision to shelve the upgrade was indicated by a member of the ERP support team.She indicated that one of the reasons acting against the decision to upgrade was because of the ââ¬Å"fear of changing systems and usage of systemsâ⬠. This is very much the symbol uncontrollability, once again manifesting itself among the support staff. A further demonstration of the manifestation of the symbolic realities within the Authority was apparent in the attitudes of the IS professionals. There was a clear motivation among members of the legacy support team who took pride in carrying out their maintenance job. To them, the system symbolized a commitment which they were prepared to stay back long hours to ensure the proper functioning of the system. In contrast, the support staff in charge of the ERP package failed to display a similar level of commitment. There was a general perception that the ERP package was a hindrance to the career path of the support team and, as a colleague described, that they were ââ¬Å"stuck thereâ⬠. Though the ERP package was also a commitment, the support staff saw this more as a problem with the lack of vendor support and a high switching cost. It was observed that the level of urgency to solve problems facing the ERP package was somewhat dependent on the ability to obtain vendor support, and it was apparent that these problems did not rank top among the priorities of the support staff. A consequence of this was the delay in conducting a feasibility study of the upgrade of the ERP package. Taking into consideration the negative ymbolisms that the IT support staff attached to their ERP package, further accentuated by the contrasting positive symbolisms attached to their other legacy and in-house developed systems, it is clear that the nature of the symbols attached to the information systems played im portant roles in determining the decisions in the abovementioned events. 6 DISCUSSION In this study, the combination of leveraging the theoretical strengths of symbolic interactionism (as a cognitive lens) and the empirical strengths of ethnography (as the strategy of inquiry) has allowed for a unique comparison of the relative positions of the ERP package vis-a-vis legacy and in-house developed systems within a particular organization. As Prasad (1993) recognized in his employment of symbolic interactionism, theoretical insights offered are more like ââ¬Å"guiding propositionsâ⬠than ââ¬Å"testable hypothesesâ⬠. As such, the findings emerging from this study may not be ââ¬Å"universally applicable statementsâ⬠, but offer several empirically supported perspectives that aid in the understanding of the co-existence of the ERP package and legacy and in-house developed systems. These findings will be discussed in the context of implications for practitioners as well as researchers 6. 1 Implications for Practice This study suggests that the relative positions of co-existing systems are the result of the sedimentation forces that give rise to the manifestation of the symbolic realities within the organization. Management influence and technological fit have been highlighted as important implementation success factors (Meyers et al. , 1999).This study demonstrates that beyond the implementation phase, these factors are also important factors that management should consider as organizations enter the maintenance and usage phase of the ERP life cycle (Esteves and Pastor, 2001). While See (2001) has proposed a framework for ERP maintenance and upgrade decisions to consist of fundamental factors such as: ERP maintenance, availability of new versions and benefit-realization, this study suggests that symbolisms attached to the systems may constitute another important component of her framework. As demonstrated in this study, the symbols attached to the systems influenced the decision of upgrading and replacing the co-existing systems.Feldman (1989) notes that all too often, managers are liable of focusing on only the technical aspects when considering technological change processes. In doing so, they however, fail to recognize the symbolic aspects attached to the technologies. As such, this study highlights the importance of taking into consideration the social processes surrounding an organizationââ¬â¢s information systems. In contrast to the popular belief that IS professionals would exhibit positive attitudes when supporting such high-profile and well-recognized systems like ERP packages, the support staff in charge of ERP support in our study instead reacted negatively to the SAP package.In comparison, the IS professionals supporting the legacy and in-house developed systems displayed positive attitudes, apparent from the high levels of motivation. This proves to be an important issue for organizations to note as the motivation levels of the support staff are usually important determinants of the organizationââ¬â¢s productivity. 6. 2 Implications for Research This study suggests that symbolic interactionism, as a theoretical perspective, can be harnessed to achieve a deeper understanding of the various phases of the ERP packageââ¬â¢s lifecycle, and at the same time contribute to the rising interest in the use of symbolism in organizational and technological research.This study also points the way to the employment of complementary theoretical perspectives, particularly those with a focus on community life as suggested by Prus (1996) to shed new light on this phenomenon. For example, interested researchers may wish to further employ the Actor Network, Critical Social and Structuration theories as intriguing lenses to study the complexities of the social processes surrounding the acceptance and resistance to the ERP package. 7 CONCLUSION The central message of the study is that the symbolic representations attached to the systems may have strong implications on the perpetuation and maintenance of the syste m. This is in line with the discussion of Feldman and March (1981) who suggest that ââ¬Å"information technologies are used and introduced primarily for their symbolic valueâ⬠.This is an especially important factor to consider when studying the legacy and in-house developed systems whose functionalities can be replaced by the incoming ERP package. Though IS literature has recognized the negative connotations usually attached to the outgoing systems, this study finds this to be not always accurate. As demonstrated in this study, the varying degrees of persistence of the legacy systems may not always be a result of time and risks, but could be due to the organizational impact of the symbolic representations attached to the systems. Another important point highlighted by this study is the differing attitudes of the IS professionals towards the support of the co-existing systems, as demonstrated by the symbolic realities they attach to the systems. How to cite Erp vs Legacy System, Papers Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-92125592090075681172019-12-08T04:08:00.001-08:002019-12-08T04:08:03.686-08:00Dear Dad free essay sample Dear Dad, One of my most distinct memories of my childhood is one of me accompanying you to the hospital for your daily rounds. I recall the love and esteem you received from your patients and coworkers. I also recall the comments I received from them; ââ¬Å"Oh how adorable, you look just like your father!â⬠and ââ¬Å"Do you want to be a doctor like your daddy?â⬠My answer was always the same: ââ¬Å"I want to be just like my dad!â⬠Years have passed and it may seem that my dream of being just like you has withered, but Iââ¬â¢m writing this letter to tell you that it hasnââ¬â¢t. When I was little you were my hero; I would run to hug you every day when you got home from work, and I would call you specifically to show every accomplishment of mine however small. Over time this faded, and I grew apart from you. We will write a custom essay sample on Dear Dad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Your foray into drinking bothered me since as Muslims we are forbidden from consuming alcohol. Your hours spent at work increased and we grew extremely distant from each other. You changed and I began to dislike more and more about you, which led to all the arguments. I was convinced that you and I could never live in the same house peacefully. Eventually, I resolved that I truly hated you and refused to speak to you for various periods of time. I believed I didnââ¬â¢t really have a father figure in my life, that I didnââ¬â¢t need one. Even when you stopped drinking, began to take our faith seriously and made attempts to be more of a father to me, I still resented you. Then last year, I began to focus more on studies and you started to regularly work entire weeks at the hospital. I grew used to being alone much of the time, having late dinners alone with mom, not seeing you for days at a time and not knowing when you would be home. However, when you were home I noticed that th e problems we had before werenââ¬â¢t present, but I was still holding you against who you were without giving you a chance to show whom you had become. I started to open up to you little by little. We talked and discussed my plans for the future, and I began to value your guidance once again. I realized that all our similarities, however trivial, are the results of my inner strive to be like you. So many things about us, like the way we look and dress, carry conversation, and work endlessly to achieve our goals, are identical. I wear button down shirts tucked into jeans, a leather strapped watch, and a pair of suede oxfords; typical physician attire. I work meticulously on schoolwork until everything is perfect, and Iââ¬â¢m bent on keeping all my belongings organized; much like how mom describes your college self. When I got my license I even claimed your sports car as mine. All these things convince me that I am slowly becoming more and more like you. I now accept that you a re my father and that your influence on me is and always will be profound. Through all of the times I conflicted with you and all the times we gave each other trouble I never gave up my dream of being a doctor. You may have been at fault for some things, but I was always the first to argue and therefore equally guilty. I truly am sorry for being so impatient with you. Those times taught me that I have to give everyone a chance, and now I have more patience with everyone around me. Youââ¬â¢ve given me strength because I know I have the influence and guidance of someone great. Sometimes I tell others that momââ¬â¢s ophthalmologist background is what influenced me, but deep down I know that our trips to the hospital when I was little are really what make me want to be a physician. You still are my hero dad, and I will be proud to one day be referred to as you are; Dr. M. Love, S Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-77886361242121287182019-11-30T15:49:00.001-08:002019-11-30T15:49:05.484-08:00Prosocial Skills The Role of Nature and Nature in Development Prosocial skills among growing children are vital. These are skills that involve sharing and cooperation and they normally develop through three stages. First, children must decide whether to help if they can or not, at any given time and this phase is referred to as the recognition step.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Prosocial Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Secondly, it is upon the siblings to decide whether they are ready to help or not. Thirdly, the children then act by selecting and performing a behaviour that they deem appropriate at a given situation. Essentially, this could be by way of helping or not doing so and this is according to Olson and Spelke (2007). To them, cooperation among humans is one of the central themes which concerns social and biological sciences. In explaining the development of cooperation, scientists use economic game and e volutionary models, as well as studying the cultures of different people. Cooperation essentially entails acting in close relations, rewarding others whose actions have benefitted others, and rewarding people who show generosity. These three qualities are shown by adults. On the other hand, children do not exhibit all these qualities. Children start exhibiting pre-social behaviours while in their second year of life. Such behaviours include sharing toys with others and cooperating with them in performing certain activities. For instance, it is said that children are more likely to share with their parents compared to adults. Additionally, there is a high tendency of attentiveness among children when it comes to friendship relations. Children do learn the act of giving from their parents and friends. This is done through observation thus learning reciprocity as well as close relations (Fehr Fischbacher, 2004). An experiment can be undertaken to investigate how children judge sharing with family members, strangers and friends. The child is given seven dolls which are described as sisters, friends and strangers. The child is then given resources to share with these seven dolls. These resources include stickers, candy bars, miniature plastic bananas, bottles, paint sets, hard candies, rubber ducks, plastic oranges and seashells.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From this experiment, it can be determined how children share out resources among friends, strangers and family members. The way the child will share these resources will show if they are in any way likely to favour their friends or close family members when it comes to sharing. In children, for them to develop and learn, there are various factors which influence the whole process. However, it is said that children are some of the active learners. As such, they have the capacity to draw on direct physic al, as well as social experiences and knowledge transmitted through culture. This helps them in constructing a clear understanding of the world they live in. Additionally, through the interaction of biological maturation, as well as their immediate environment, children are able to learn and develop. An important aspect in the development of children is play. Through play, children develop emotional, social and cognitive skills. Nevertheless, development and learning among children occurs only under certain circumstances. This occurs when children are safe and feel valued, have their physical needs met, and have a feeling of psychological security. Consequently, Olson and Spelke (2007) argue that co-operation is vital among humans. More so, this co-operation can only be sustained through our daily experiences, as well as moral teachings. Their research shows that the three principles that form the basis of human cooperation exist and function well in young children. Moreover, it is these principles that act as a guideline in the judgement of children on how people share and distribute resources among individuals. However, children have developed their own new pattern of giving in their early stages of development. These patterns are mature and complex networks that depict cooperation among children.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Prosocial Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The only limitation of these studies is that they do not show how such children would behave in case they were protagonists. In such a case, these children would probably behave in a way contrary to what we have seen from the experiments. References Fehr, E. Fischbacher, U. (2004). Social norms and human cooperation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 185-190. Olson, K. R. and Spelke, E. S. (2007). Foundations of cooperation in young children. Cognition, 108, 222-231. This term paper on Prosocial Skills was written and submitted by user Jerry Moore to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-70213453466892632272019-11-26T06:08:00.001-08:002019-11-26T06:08:04.153-08:00Do You Have a One-Size-Fits-All Resume 5 Tips to Avoid this Fatal Error!Do You Have a One-Size-Fits-All Resume 5 Tips to Avoid this Fatal Error! At a July 4th event, I was talking shop with another successful author, AnnaMaria Bliven. Her book, Work at Home with a Real Online Job, is about being successfully employed and working from home. Of course part of that success entails successful job applications. So she was excited to promote How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile to her clients. Then our conversation turned to a related topic: ââ¬Å"I wrote another book that might be of interest ââ¬â How to Write a WINNING Resume,â⬠I stated helpfully. ââ¬Å"Oh, Iââ¬â¢m not interested in a book about resumes,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"Every resume needs to be unique.â⬠I was surprised by AnnaMariaââ¬â¢s response. The idea that any resume book would advocate a cookie cutter resume was beyond my comprehension. But hearing this perspective, from someone who built her career helping people get jobs, made me think itââ¬â¢s important to clarify my philosophy: NEVER write a ââ¬Å"one size fits allâ⬠resume!! Here are some tips on how to ensure your resume is targeted to the position youââ¬â¢re seeking and paints you as a unique candidate: 1. Tailor each resume to the job description. If youââ¬â¢re applying for two different types of jobs, you will probably need two different resumes that highlight different aspects of your experience and qualifications. Letââ¬â¢s say, for example, you are a registered nurse with management experience and you are currently pursuing an MBA. If you are applying for a ââ¬Å"worker beeâ⬠nurse position, you will focus on the details of the types of procedures you know how to do with patients, and the different types of medical conditions you are familiar with. You might not include information about your MBA at all, and you would want to play down the fact that you created a wound care program at your hospital from scratch. In contrast, if you want to be a manager, you will highlight your managerial, organization and training skills, and downplay your ability to put in an IV. This strategy applies to every single profession and resume. We used it when we had a CFO who wanted to be an Executive Assistant, and she got the job. Currently, we have a client with an executive business background who is applying to be a house mother at a sorority. We are putting her sorority experience up front and center. If she had been applying for a VP of Marketing position, sorority experience would be relegated to the final lines of her resume. If you have just one version of your resume, it might work well for some positions, but you might also be futilely throwing spaghetti at a wall. Itââ¬â¢s worth the time and energy to emphasize the things that will matter for each job application you send. 2. Use keywords from job descriptions. Part of tailoring your resume to job descriptions is using actual keywords and language from those job description. You might feel like youââ¬â¢re ââ¬Å"cheatingâ⬠but trust me, it works. Hereââ¬â¢s a sample bullet from a job description for a Marketing and Sales Manager: Meets marketing and sales financial objectives by forecasting requirements; preparing an annual budget; scheduling expenditures; analyzing variances; initiating corrective actions. Itââ¬â¢s easy to see how someone with the skills listed could put them in a resume bullet, ideally by tying them to a quantifiable achievement such as the dollar amounts of those marketing and sales financial objectives. But a resume with these keywords can only be truly valuable when the keywords are in the job description. Yes, this means you will be tailoring each resume to the job description. I wasnââ¬â¢t kidding. Yes, there is work involved in applying for jobs. Itââ¬â¢s worth it. 3. Use concrete facts to describe yourself in the top section of your resume. As I discussed in my ââ¬Å"New York, New York principleâ⬠blog, itââ¬â¢s important to write a summary of yourself at the top of your resume that could not have been written by anyone else. This section is your opportunity to brand yourself and state your USP (Unique Selling Proposition). Iââ¬â¢m not sure when it became customary to use vague, general, or even flowery language in a resume summary, but Iââ¬â¢m telling you now, it is not helpful! Instead, list some big name companies or clients you worked for, a specialized skill you have, and a big result or two. The person next to you can be ââ¬Å"results-orientedâ⬠and capable of ââ¬Å"cross-functional leadership.â⬠But how many of them worked for Coca-Cola and launched one of its most successful product lines? If you leave the most impressive pieces of your background for the Experience section, you are leaving money on the table. 4. Use professional formatting techniques. If your resume looks like the one your college career office helped you write, itââ¬â¢s time for a refresh. Look into the many formatting tricks that will bring your resume into the modern age. Possibilities include nicely designed headers (for sections like Profile, Experience and Education); bolded sub-headers; text boxes, charts and graphs; and varied font styles (within reason). Be careful to keep your format within the standards for your industry. For instance, financial and legal resumes are more conservative format-wise than biopharmaceutical executive resumes or sales resumes in general. Create something that you feel represents you and that is in line with your industry standards. Important: if you are sending resumes through computerized Applicant Tracking Systems, they might not recognize text in a text box or table. Format a separate document that youââ¬â¢re confident will pass through the ATS. 5. Vary your language. If you start every bullet with ââ¬Å"Increasedâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Managed,â⬠you will have a hard time keeping your readersââ¬â¢ attention. Instead, use a variety of verbs like ââ¬Å"Boosted,â⬠ââ¬Å"Pushed,â⬠ââ¬Å"Grew,â⬠ââ¬Å"Raised,â⬠ââ¬Å"Expanded,â⬠ââ¬Å"Directed,â⬠ââ¬Å"Trained,â⬠ââ¬Å"Supervised,â⬠and more. Sprinkle these verbs throughout your resume and your reader might not even realize what is keeping them reading past the first six seconds! Seeking more resume resources? Check out How to Write a WINNING Resume, by Brenda Bernstein, or Resumes for Dummies, by Brendaââ¬â¢s mentor, Laura DeCarlo. Do you have other ideas of how to make your resume unique? Share them below! Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-72258453805108031672019-11-22T13:31:00.001-08:002019-11-22T13:31:05.017-08:00Albert Hofmann and the Invention of LSDAlbert Hofmann and the Invention of LSD LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938, by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann in Sandoz Laboratories in Basle, Switzerland. However, it was a few years before Albert Hofmann realized what he had invented. LSD, known as LSD-25 or Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, is a psychoactive hallucinogenic drug. LSD-25 LSD-25 was the twenty-fifth compound developed during Albert Hofmanns study of amides of Lysergic acid, hence the name. LSD is considered a semi-synthetic chemical. The natural component of LSD-25 is lysergic acid, a type of ergot alkaloid that is naturally made by the ergot fungus, though a synthesizing process is necessary to create the drug. LSD was being developed by Sandoz Laboratories as a possible circulatory and respiratory stimulant. Other ergot alkaloids had been studied for medicinal purposes. For example, one ergot was used to induce childbirth. Discovery as a Hallucinogen It was not until 1943 that Albert Hofmann discovered the hallucinogenic properties of LSD. LSD has a chemical structure that is very similar to the neurotransmitter called serotonin. However, it is still not clear what produces all the effects of LSD. According to a Road Junky writer, Albert Hoffman deliberately dosed himself [after a milder accidental dose] with just 25 mg, an amount he didnt imagine would produce any effect. Hoffman got on his bicycle and rode home [from the Lab] and arrived in a state of panic. He felt he was losing his grip on sanity and could only think to ask for milk from the neighbors to counter the poisoning. Albert Hoffman's Trip Albert Hoffman wrote this about his LSD experience, Everything in the room spun around, and the familiar objects and pieces of furniture assumed grotesque, threatening forms. The lady next door, whom I scarcely recognized, brought me milkâ⬠¦ She was no longer Mrs. R., but rather a malevolent, insidious witch with a colored mask.â⬠Sandoz Laboratories, the only company to manufacture and sell LSD, first marketed the drug in 1947 under the trade name Delysid. Legal Status It is legal to buy Lysergic acid in the U.S. However, it is illegal to process Lysergic acid into lysergic acid diethylamide, the psychoactive drug LSD. Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-32607326615628404862019-11-20T23:54:00.001-08:002019-11-20T23:54:04.996-08:00Well-Being And Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsWell-Being And Education - Essay Example It is an ambiguous term used widely and frequently in public discourse. Well being can be viewed as a positive mental condition, originally embraced by some scholars as a way of focusing on satisfaction with life and health, as opposed on the focus on mental illnesses and its cures. In a dynamic way of viewing it, ââ¬Å"Well being|â⬠is a state in which a person is able to develop his or her creativity, productivity, potential, and work. It helps one-build positive and strong relationships with others as well as contributes largely to their communities. It is through education that an individualââ¬â¢s well being can enhance a sense of purpose in the society (Kennedy, 2006 45-6). Promoting well being is a legitimate aim of education. Many professionals in the education sector firmly perceive that their work makes individuals have a high self-esteem and have a positive view of their lives. Research shows that most of the adult learners gain evidently in optimism and confidence because of successful learning. Such experiences have also been realized by most practitioners in workplaces, communities, and in colleges. There are numerous justifications for considering the promotion of well being legitimate in education. Apart from being desirable in itself, it has a positive view on the future and a feeling of oneââ¬â¢s ability to control his life are crucial to further, on-going successful learning. ... Most importantly, well being creates a focus on the emotional and social features of effective learning including managing feelings, empathy, self-awareness, social skills, and motivation. Educationists typically gauge the well-being of students in terms of test scores, academic achievement, university entrance trends, attendance records, engagement, or success in up to date accountability culture, and international league. The paper presents that promotion of well being is a legitimate aim of education in an exploration of wellness in schools to achieve an overall consideration of this issue. Well being is the foundation or basis on which academic excellence is build and the exemplary behavior is prized. It is quite logical to argue that well being and achievement of learners go hand in hand (Noddings, 1995, 41-2). Indeed, people who have received quality education say that they have the satisfaction in life and that they carry out worthwhile activities. However, it is not always tr ue that education necessarily brings about happiness. The well-being of a learner is as well affected by the way he or she feels, including the health factor. Well being as a legitimate aim of education It is a justifiable aim of education; after all, education is goal-oriented. Moreover, when it comes to parents educating their children, it is believed that well being is a goal worth of pursuit their goals. As a relatively educational, goal, well being is assumed to prepare learners to develop into independent critical thinkers as ethically responsible citizens. It is a global requirement or legal expectation of the whole world that all children get access to universal education for a common good. Education Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-16206721444353038082019-11-19T06:09:00.001-08:002019-11-19T06:09:03.461-08:00Why did Britain and France get out of Africa between 1957-1965 EssayWhy did Britain and France get out of Africa between 1957-1965 - Essay Example 56). They, therefore, had to redirect most of their finances in rebuilding their cities; hence, they could not afford to sustain the manpower they had deployed to run the colonies. From an economical point of view, the colonies did not generate enough income to sustain themselves; therefore, it was uneconomical for the two countries to retain them. Secondly the rise of nationalism and nationalists helped to speed up the evacuation process. Countries like Ghana, found in West Africa had extremely powerful nationalists who fought for the liberation of their country, for example, Kwame Nkurumah. Among his achievements, he helped to unite African countries through the establishment of Pan-African Union. Nationalists from different countries were able to meet during these forums, whereby they discussed their grievances and formulated plans to forcefully evict their oppressors. The liberated countries also provided military support to other African countries which opted to evict their colonial masters. However, these countries only resorted to the use of violence because peaceful negotiations had failed (Mungazi 1996, p. 113). Thirdly, international pressure from other countries, which did not have colonial possessions also helped to speed up the evacuation process. the formation of United Nations after the second World War united most countries and brought about the rise of the veto states. These states had the final say in most things affecting the United Nations. Among these countries was the USA, which used, to be Britainââ¬â¢s colonial possession before gaining independence in 1776. This would explain why USA was a forerunner in the fight against colonialism. Britain and France faced a lot of opposition from USA which lobbied the support of China and Russia when making veto decisions. This constant opposition affected France and Britain and undercut their advancement Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-33787900434829141682019-11-16T18:40:00.001-08:002019-11-16T18:40:03.667-08:00Global Warming Essay Example for Free Global Warming Essay The global carbon cycle is one of the most important biogeochemical cycles in nature and should be considered with special emphasis because of constantly increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Basically, the term ââ¬Å"global carbon cycleâ⬠describes the movement of all forms of carbon, which is the fourth abundant chemical element in our universe and essential for the structure and/or energy production for every living organism, between the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere and geosphere. Two main parts of the carbon cycle can be distinguished, i. e.the geological carbon cycle (with a turnover time in the range of millions of years), and the biological carbon cycle (which operates at time scales ranging between days and thousands of years). In short, in the geological cycle, processes like weathering and erosion are forming carbonates from atmospheric CO2 and water which are reacting with minerals in the earthââ¬â¢s surface and eventually washed the into the oceans where they settle in sediments. The much faster carbon turnover in the biological cycle includes processes like photosynthesis and respiration, both key phenomena of life. 2. A greenhouse gas is a gas in the atmosphere that allows sunlight enter the atmosphere and reach the earthââ¬â¢s surface, but then prevents a certain portion of the reflected radiation (mainly this is the infrared or ââ¬Å"heatâ⬠part of the spectrum) to leave the atmosphere towards open space again. Due to this effect, a ââ¬Å"greenhouseâ⬠effect, similar to that wanted and used in agricultural greenhouses to grow plants faster and earlier due to warmer temperatures, develops and gradually heats up the atmosphere. This leads to global warming with all the negative effects discussed in the next paragraph. CO2 is both, a naturally occurring and man-made greenhouse gas, that together with other natural (water vapour, methane and nitrous oxide) and man-made substances (e. g. gases used for aerosols and cooling liquids) is responsible for global warming, the man-made amount of atmospheric CO2 however alarmingly rising. 3. ââ¬Å"Global warmingâ⬠describes the slight, but constant and gradual elevation of our atmosphereââ¬â¢s temperature, especially realized as a man-made effect within the last decades. Although times of global warming have repeatedly occurred on our planet long before humans could contribute (e. g. ice-age and warming periods), the dramatic increase of man-made atmospheric CO2 due to industrialization, excessive agriculture, and transportation leads, due to the previously described greenhouse effect, to a global rise in temperatures. With growing certainty that rise is understood to be responsible for an increasing occurrence of catastrophic events such as changes in weather (storms and hurricanes, heavy rain and snow, desertification), elevation of sea level (flooding), or melting of glaciers and arctic ice shelves. 4. There are diverse causes of global warming including natural processes such as carbon dioxide exhausting from rotting organic matter, atmospheric water vapour or natural gases like methane. However it is more and more agreed that the recent dramatic increase in global warming is mainly caused by a man-made elevation in atmospheric CO2 by transportation, agriculture and industries. Such elevated concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere and all their negative effects (see above) not only cause global warming by direct influence, but also interact with natural processes, altogether outbalancing the global carbon cycle and destabilizing our climate with unpredictable consequences. 5. The Kyoto Protocol has been signed by the United Nations on Dec. 11th 1997 in Kyoto, Japan with the intention to set measures against progressive climate changes. For the first time in history, the participating nations (until today 136 nations signed and ratified the protocol) agree on threshold levels and the reduction of the production of greenhouse gases within the protocolââ¬â¢s validation period from 2005 until 2012. 5. Unfortunately shaming poor. The United States signed the Kyoto protocol when it was initiated, but (together with Australia) never ratified the agreements. However, Australia started to ratify the agreements in the year 2007 after a change in their government, leaving the USA (who under President G. W. Bush shows no intention to ratify the contract in the near future) back in shame aloneâ⬠¦ 6. Of course YES! The US considers itself as one of the worldââ¬â¢s leading nations. Doubtlessly it is one of the worldââ¬â¢s leading industrial nations, which is good for wealth and progress, but also implies a big responsibility, since due to its industry the US is also one of the leading producers of CO2. Thus, the US contributes a major part to the worldwide greenhouse effect and therefore to global warming as well. So why does the US not act responsible in terms of environmental issues? Profit and industrial interests are a strong power worldwide and very often refuse sustainable actions and environmental care, but in contrast to the US the other nations who signed the Kyoto Protocol at least start acting responsible. To my opinion it is a shame for the US to ignore alarming facts and signs of global warming and not even try to show some responsibility for our planet and future generations. So, even if the Kyoto Protocol is certainly not the final solution to growing environmental challenges, it is a beginning and can be the start of a sustainable and more responsible human future. However, to allow that beginning, cooperation and good will of all nations, including the US is essential. Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1556801615899554376.post-69860739651980357312019-11-14T07:11:00.001-08:002019-11-14T07:11:02.898-08:00Robert Burns :: Essays PapersRobert Burns A Biography of Robert Burns Robert Burns was a Scottish poet and writer of traditional Scottish folk songs. He was born on January 25, 1759 in Alloway, Ayrshire. Burns was the oldest of seven children born to William Burness and his wife Agnes Broun. His father was the descendant of a line of tenant farmers. His wife was also eldest daughter of a tenant farmer. Burnsââ¬â¢ parents were both not very well educated, but were deeply religious. When Burns was born, his father worked as a gardener. However, the family grew too large for their cottage at Alloway and their needs to great for his father to support as a gardener. His father then decided to try his hand at farming and moved his family to the farm of Mount Oliphant. At Mount Oliphant, Burns engaged in difficult farm work and suffered from undernourishment, which lead to permanent injury to his health. His father next moved the family to the farm of Lochlea where Burnsââ¬â¢ father, William, died in February 1784. Burns was then left as head of the family. He and his brother Gilbert decided to rent Mossgiel Farm that later proved to be another failure. Although his family struggled, Burns managed to obtain an education. At the age of six, Burns and his brother Gilbert were sent to John Murdochââ¬â¢s School in Alloway. In 1768 Burns and his brother left the school and Burns briefly boarded as a pupil of John Murdoch at Ayrshire Grammar School in 1773. Through Murdochââ¬â¢s influence, Burns read Shakespeare, Milton, Pope and Dryden. However, a great deal of Burnsââ¬â¢ education took place in his own home. He was encouraged in his self-education by his father and his mother acquainted him with Scottish folk songs, legends, and proverbs. Burns also read widely in English literature, the Bible, and learned to read French. Burnsââ¬â¢ literary career began with the Vernacular Poems. In 1784 Burns read the works of the Edinburgh poet Robert Ferguson. Under his influence and that of Scottish folk tradition and older Scottish poetry, he became aware of the literary possibilities of the Scottish regional dialects. During the next two years he produced most of his best-known poems, including ââ¬Å"The Cotterââ¬â¢s Saturday Night,â⬠ââ¬Å"Halloweââ¬â¢en,â⬠ââ¬Å"To a Daisy,â⬠and ââ¬Å"To a Mouse.â⬠In addition, he wrote ââ¬Å"The Jolly Beggars,â⬠a cantata in standard English, which is considered one of his masterpieces. Several of his poems, notably ââ¬Å"Holy Willieââ¬â¢s Prayer,â⬠satirized local ecclesiastical squabbles and attacked Calvinist theology, which brought him into conflict with the church. Michael Hipplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02983575798541396154noreply@blogger.com0